##yping In Brent Stapless Black Men In Public Space

In his short essay, â€Å"Black Men in Public Space†, Brent Staples captures his own experiences working as a tall black journalist in a predominantly White neighborhood. Staple’s experiences highlight how he is stereotyped and intimidated in the public due to his skin color even though he is a bright young man and a graduate student at the University of Chicago (Staples). Staples further shows that even though he is well versed and academically accomplished, the predominant and affluent White community discriminated against him which led to his changes in regards to his dressing and walking so as to be socially accepted as a member of the community and not as a dangerous black citizen. Staples explores the dangers of stereotyping and how such†¦show more content†¦In relation to stereotyping and prejudice, racism in effect is defined as the discrimination of a certain group of people as perceived by another group of people (Khan, Saera R. et al.). In Staples article, the issue surrounding stereotyping is brought forth in relation to the resulting prejudice and consequently racism as witnessed on Staples relations with the predominantly white community. â€Å"My first victim was a woman – white, well dressed, probably in her early twenties. I came upon her late one evening on a deserted street in Hyde Park, a relatively affluent neighborhood in an otherwise mean, impoverished section of Chicago† (staples). Staples statement suggests that the white woman is his victim even though we are quite sure that he is an innocent African American intellectual man. It can then, be argued that, through the constant stereotypes that Staples interacts with, p rejudice makes him believe that he is wrong to be walking on the same street as the white woman. Stereotyping characteristics are associated with our past experiences of the particular group’s characterization and thus, in essence, we would have to have a certain picture of that group’s social behaviors on our minds. Eventually, such characterization leads to the generalization of the entire group’s social and cognitive behaviors that we believe are inbound or depict the true

The Australian National Youth Mental Health Foundation

Headspace The Australian Government created an innovating National Youth Mental Health Foundation is known as, Headspace. Headspace provides early support, care and services for a range of mental health challenges young people commonly face. Headspace aim to target any problems young people may face in order to adverse effects. They provide services that span over physical health, drug and alcohol support and vocational counsel. They aim to empower young people to seek assistance, support, advice or simply someone to talk about mental health issues. Anyone who walks into a headspace centre should feel treated with respect and compassion, within a confidential and safe environment. Headspace services are designed to support young people between the ages of 12 and 25 years of age. Their policy is designed to address; the definitive voice in youth mental health in the areas of service delivery, research and development, service reform, community engagement and advocacy. Headspace has five strategic objects that have been built of their past achievements and support their vision going forward. These strategic objectives are; awareness, access, integration, sustainability and effectiveness. These objects are all linked together, if there’s success in one of these areas there’s success in another. Headspace is attempting to achieve the national profile of the characteristics of young people (specifically their target audience of ages 12-25 years) accessing headspace services.Show MoreRelatedAustralia s Health Care System1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe Health care systems in Australia have one of the most affordable, accessing and comprehensive in the world. Access is the right to enter into and able to use the health care system. Australians have enablers and barriers that may affect their health care system. Barriers have limited or, no access to health care as consumers can have poor understanding of how to access health services, language difficulties for instance medical jargon’s or not understanding English at all, financial crisis andRead MoreThe Australian National Mental Health1191 Words   |  5 PagesMental illness has a profound impact on the Australian community, with 45% of Australians expected to experience mental illness at some point in their lives. In 1 991, Australian Health Ministers commenced The Australian National Mental Health Strategy, which has since transitioned to its Fourth National Mental Health Plan Agreement. The Australian healthcare policy that has recently received attention in the Australian media is the revised National Mental Health Policy of 2008. The media articleRead MoreYouth Suicide in Australia: A Report Essay755 Words   |  4 Pageswill discuss an issue of whether Australia has done enough to prevent youth suicide by showing the background and social significance of the issue. Furthermore, the participants involved and their controversial opinions related to the issue will be analyzed in this report as well. 2. The issue and the Background to the Issue Since the mid to late 1990’s, youth suicide has become a common cause of death for young Australians (Carter 2010 para. 1). The government then acted and managed to reduceRead MoreBenefits And Detriments Of Headspace1645 Words   |  7 Pagescoordination of services for young people with mental health concern is headspace. headspace is the National Youth Mental Health foundation and is a provider of early invention mental health services for young people aged 15-25. Whilst headspace has shown success in engaging and delivering preventative mental health services to young people since 2006, there is much controversy around how effective headspace actually is at addressing mental health concerns for all young people. This critical reviewRead MoreDistribution of Depression Amongst Young Australians Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Depression is a mental disorder in which a patient might feel intense, prolonged, negative emotions (Beyond Blue, 2014). This can have severe impact on a persons mental and physical health, thus affecting a persons quality of life. Severe cases can even lead to suicide. It is estimated that one in six Australians will experience depression in their lifetime (Beyond Blue, 2014). The burden of disease gives an indication of of the loss of health and well being of Australians due to each diseaseRead MoreMental Health And Rural And Remote Practice1661 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose of this essay is to apply critical thinking and awareness by comparing and contrasting two chosen fields of practice being mental health and rural and remote practice. This paper will discuss a brief historical outline in regards to both fields, together with a statistical overview of certain challenges and concerns that occur within the field of mental health and rural and remote practice. An emphasis will p laced on the challenges faced by the client, while comparing and contrasting issuesRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol On The Body s Organs And Brain Activity1350 Words   |  6 Pagesdepressant that prolongs the messages from the brain to the body affecting the way one thinks, feels and behaves (Alcoholthinkagain.com.au, 2014). Excessive alcohol consumption can have many negative effects on the body’s organs and brain activity. Major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis, depression, gout and pancreatitis can occur as a result of consuming large quantities of alcohol and have the potential to be fatal (Freeman, 2016). Binge Drinking is the act of consuming an excessiveRead MoreThe Economic Opportunities For Indigenous Young People Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesIndigenous young people (Karmel, Misko, Blomberg, Atkinson, 2014). Economic empowerment provides varied benefits like secure employment and health and social benefits. Higher levels of education are ass ociated with positive mental health and wellbeing. Unfortunately the statistics in this domain too paint a grim picture. Results indicate that ‘Indigenous Australians have considerably lower numeracy and literacy levels than the non-Indigenous population, significantly higher school absenteeism rates,Read MoreThe National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation1407 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION The National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation, (NACCHO) is an existing representation of the hope of Aboriginal communities and their fight for self-rule. NACCHO is the nationwide climax organization representative. It controls over 150 Aboriginal Community Health Services (ACCHSs) across the country on Aboriginal health and issues. BACKGROUND Since the 1970’s, many Indigenous communities have established their own independentRead MoreThe Impact Of Youth Suicide On Australia And Usa And How It Can Be Prevented1517 Words   |  7 Pagesthe impacts of youth suicide and how it can be prevented. 1.2 Parameter To investigate the impacts of youth suicide in Australia and USA and how it can be prevented 1.3 Thesis Society should take notice of signs of youth suicide such as depression and reduce the stigma related to suicide and help them cope and prevent any further unnecessary deaths. 1.4 Definition Suicide is the action killing oneself with intent (WHO, n.d) â€Æ' 2. BACKGROUND TO THE ISSUE: 2.1 Introduction Youth suicide is one

Innovation and How they Have Affected Organisations

Questions: 1.What is Amazon Go? 2.What we are offering? 3.How does it work? Answers: 1. Amazon Go is worlds most advance shopping technology relieving you from the hassle of standing and waiting in line for billing. Amazon Go is a new innovation to make your shopping experience check out free. In short it is a high tech retail location. Vision Our vision was to provide shopping experience with NO LINES AND NO CHECKOUT. To develop a technology and push the boundaries of computer vision and machine learning to create a store where customers can buy whatever they want in a go, taking offline shopping experience to another level. Problem we are solving Eliminating the pain points of physical stores. Decreasing the wait time for purchasing a product. Optimizing your purchase directly to the payment app thereby eliminating need of physical cash. Benefits of shopping with us No Line. No check out. Just look and shop for the products you would do at other stores. Step closure to cash less society Cash free shopping Reducing wait time while shopping 2. What if you step into the store, grab what you want and just leave! What if we use most advance machine learning, computer vision and AI into a store so you dont have wait in line, no check outs! A check-out free shopping experience is what we have aimed to provide. Computer vision, sensor fusion and deep learning are some main technology used to provide. Technologies similar to technology used in self-driving cars. Our just walk technology automatically detects when products are taken or placed back to shelves and update your virtual cart. Market size Global ecommerce market in 2016 was forecasted to be $22.049 trillion in 2017 which is expected to $27 trillion by 2020 (eMarketer, 2016). As per recent analysis 43% of total online sales was made through Amazon in US (Business Insider, 2017) Grocery market in US is $600 billion Amazon has a great opportunity to grab offline sale also. 3. work Use the Amazon Go app to enter the store Put away your phone and start shopping Everything you pick up is automatically updated to your virtual cart If you changed your mind about a product just keep it back, your virtual cart will automatically get updated. Computer vision, Deep learning algorithms and sensor fusion similar to what you find in a self driving car makes it possible. Scale up plans Amazon Go in Seattle is currently on testing phase and opens for employees, planning to open for public in 2017. Amazon is planning to open 2000 grocery stores in the coming year which is one third of the total present stores of Wal-Mart in US.

Sustainability in Educational Perspectives Process †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability in Educational Perspectives Process. Answer: Introduction Environmental education in school is a long process aiming to raise environmental awareness to the pupils who attend the classes. In todays world, all the schools must come forward with an intention to raise their concerns regarding this issue and aiming to fight for the sustenance of our mother earth. Environmental education stresses on the teaching of the environment by interdisciplinary and issue-solving approaches (Okoza, Aluede Akpaida, 2012). This type of education has to start in the early developmental years of the pupils so that they can develop a concern for the nature from the childhood. It is a matter of fact that schools are the primary place, where the students need to get familiar with the environment at that stage of their lives. As at this level, they should look at this in a holistic view. The management of the educational institutions must look into the matter of global warming and should be concerned regarding this issue. In the year 2020, The Future Foundation School has rightly taken a huge step by building solar panels, building reservoir to save water and by building a huge garden with varieties of vegetables and fruits. It is a matter of fact that, in todays world, the resources are getting very limited and all the residents of earth must take initiative to preserve them. Since schools are the first society for the young population of this world, so the schools are the place where the pupils should be given the basic learning regarding, the environment and they must know how to preserve its natural resources (Okoza, Aluede Akpaida, 2012). It is a matter of fact, due to rapid industrialization, the nature is getting victimized day-by-day and uncontrolled extraction of its natural resources is behind most of the natural disasters nowadays. Thus, it should be our duty to learn how to preserve and help Mother Nature to sustain from all the oddities. The reputed educational institution Future Foundation School has thus taken some innovative initiatives to contribute at least something for the aid of Mother Nature (Gadotti, 2016). Within the school compound, the management has build a giant garden where the pupils are trained how to plant trees and how to take care of them. In there, the pupils have displayed a great passion, they delightfully planted many trees producing various types of fruits, and they have successfully grown numerous types of vegetables in large quantity. The school owns a huge compound and the management is using every corner of the land in a productive way. There are two separate gardens, one for fruits and one exclusively for growing vegetables. The pupils of the school take great care of those plants, they sell those fruits and vegetables to the local people, and a huge fund for the benefits of the school is thus raised each year. The management of Future Foundation School has done a great job in building a team in the school and appointing a professional people for leading the team for the Environmental Sustenance Program of the school. ESP team is greatly popular among the pupils of the school (Davis, Spaniol Somerset, 2015). The school provides education to the students within the age group of 3 to 12 years old. This age group is the prime time for the kids to learn something about the nature and they would put in their best learning that whatever they have has come from the environment only (Eskay Oboegbulem, 2013). The leader of the team is a professional environmentalist and he has agreed to spare his valuable time for the school as he thinks the same way as the management of the school does. It is a matter of fact that Mr Kobaye is doing a great job with the pupils of the school. Future Foundation School is located at the centre of New South Wales and thus is in a prime location for the residents of t hat area to send their wards to this school for a complete childhood development program. The school has gained huge popularity within two to three years, as they had to expand their infrastructure after completing the second academic year of the school (Gadotti, 2016). Apart from the neighbouring residents, people from different cities send their children to this school who are particularly aware of their childrens overall awareness regarding environment. It is a matter of fact that in todays world, in 2020, due to rapid growth in industrialization, and increased usage of uranium to produce energy is decreasing the general life expectancy of human beings. In this scenario, the management of this school is showing great awareness to groom their students in a way that they will contribute something for the benefit of the environment. The management has built an unique reservoir where they can store excess water and rainwater (Okoza, Aluede Akpaida, 2012). They recycle the water for many purposes, and along with that, they grow many fishes in several artificial ponds inside the school compound. The ESP team very carefully grows edible fishes there and they sell it in very low cost to the specific poor sellers, so that the sellers can benefit a bit more by selling them. the management of the school is contributing a lot for the society and for the environment by taking such initiatives (Gbenu, 2012). The director of the school, Mr Roger Sullivan stated that they strongly condemn the excess use of uranium to produce energy and thus they have installed huge solar panels on the roof. In this manner, they produce immense energy and out of that, they use only 40 to 50 percent energy and the rest of it they allow the local hospital and clinics to share. . On the other hand, under the leadership of Mr. Kobaye the pupils made a pool, and in that pool they use dynamo to produce electricity and the needed wave to let the fishes grow more (Davis, Spaniol Somerset, 2015). The management of the organization has taken these basic initiatives under the leadership of Mr Kobaye, a reputed environmentalist. It is a matter of fact, that these types of activities are very important in the year of 2020, and more institutions that are educational must come forward with the same intention (Eskay Oboegbulem, 2013). Three to twelve years is the most important years for the children to learn something and Future Foundation school is doing exactly what is expected. It is a fact that if these children grow a passion to save the environment, they would teach many individuals to do the same and some of them would teach some people the same (Adeolu, Enesi, Adeolu, 2014). In this manner, a greater awareness regarding environment can be seen within a few years. In this context the concept and execution of the concept done by the management of Future Foundation School under the leadership of Mr. Kobaye is commendable. It is seen that, Mr, Obaye is very popular among the students of the educational institution and his innovative and constructive ideas are very dear to the young students of the school. They look at those tasks playfully and it is a proven fact that all the ways that Mr. Kobaye has chosen, are rightly serving the purposes (Gadotti, 2016). Future Foundation School has set an example to all the educational institutions and is still raising the bars high continuously under the leadership of Mr Kobaye and they are becoming a matter of pride for the residents of New South Wales (Okoza, Aluede Akpaida, 2012). The basic intention behind this huge project is to encourage an approach that takes some basic ideas and aadapts them according to the lo cal needs. There might be many traditional ways to do these kinds of works, but Mr. Kobaye found ways, so that the little responsible citizens find it interesting to do and grow a natural love for the Mother Nature. The pupils under the observation of Mr. Kobaye are managing a poultry farm and a small farm for goats and lambs (Gadotti, 2016). These chickens and animals are not used for commercial purposes, and there are many animals like guinepigs, rabbits and numerous types of birds under a huge enclosed area so that they can move freely. The birds are provided with a garden like enclosed area so that they can be in peace and the animals are kept in a scientific manner so that they face no issues there (Gbenu, 2012). It is a matter of fact that, Mr. Kobaye wants his students to spend at least a few hours on a daily basis very close to the mother nature in their these crucial constructive years of their lives (Davis, Spaniol Somerset, 2015). Environmental education Environmental education is something that simultaneously tries to raise awareness, develop knowledge and practices for the preservation and sustenance of Mother Nature from all the oddities (Gbenu, 2012). There are various types of ways to raise the general awareness regarding the environment, and those can be done by cognitive and affective behaviour modification. Environmental education can be seen as a process that helps to build skills and attitude much needed to understand and accept the relationship between mankind and environment or the biophysical world. Thus, it can be said that, all the programs related to environmental education are consist of the acquisition of knowledge and basic understanding and the development of skills (Eskay Oboegbulem, 2013). Thus, under the leadership of Mr. Kobaye, the pupils of Future Foundation School aims to investigate the components that made this biophysical world and try to consider some of its ways those can be adapted by human society f or the betterment of the society. In this manner, the pupils can explore the geographical and ecological components rather than cultural and social factors of day to day human life. It is a matter of fact that, the management of Future Foundation School has taken up oath to raise the awareness regarding environmental issues into the next level and they are doing it quite successfully (Okoza, Aluede Akpaida, 2012). In the year of 2020, beside them there are no other educational institutions that have done anything distantly similar to their kind regarding this matter. The institution has thus earned a hue reputation within a couple of years after it was established as a commercial organization for educational purpose. In the current scenario of 2020, people needs to raise awareness among themselves for the sustenance of mother nature. People must understand that all we have came from the environment and it is the duty of the humankind to help Mother Nature to fight all the oddities and sustain (Adeolu, Enesi, Adeolu, 2014). Five pillars of education regarding sustenance of environment Learn to learn Obtain a taste for learning all the way through life To develop critical thinking Get hold of tools for understanding the world To understand the sustainability concepts and issues Education for Sustainable Development of nature Recognizes the evolving nature of the concept of sustainability Reflects the ever-growing needs of societies Acknowledges that satisfying local needs often has international effects and consequences (Okoza, Aluede Akpaida, 2012) Addresses the content, , global issues, context and local priorities Learning to be Knowledge See oneself as the main individual regarding defining the positive outcomes for the future Encourage discovery and experimentation for the pupils Obtain universally shared values Build up ones personality, self-fulfilment, self-knowledge and self-identity The pupils must be able to act with greater independence, judgment and personal responsibility regarding Education for Sustainable Development of environment in future Education built on the principles and values those underlie sustainable development (Davis, Spaniol Somerset, 2015) Providing education that deals with the interests of all the realms of sustainability of environment This sort of education contributes greatly to an individuals complete development of mind and body, intelligence, sensitivity, aesthetic appreciation and spirituality. Learning to live together Providing education that would help the pupils to participate and co-operate with others in increasingly pluralistic, multi-cultural societies This education helps to develop an understanding of other individuals and their histories, traditions, values, cultures and beliefs. This helps pupils to become tolerate, welcoming, respectful, embracing, and even being able to celebrate various differences and diversities in society This type of education allows pupils to respond constructively to the cultural diversities and economic differences found around the world Taught like this the students would be able to cope with situations of tension, exclusion, conflict, violence, and terrorism Education for Sustainable Development of environment These educations build civil capacity for the community-based decision-making, environmental stewardship, social tolerance, adaptable workforce and quality of the life The students must learn to be an actor as well as a thinker The pupils must understand and act on global and local sustainable development issues regarding environment The students must get hold of technical and professional training They must apply learned knowledge in day to day life They should be able to act creatively and responsibly in ones environment Education for Sustainable Development The education is locally germane and culturally suitable The education must become a concrete reality for all our daily decisions and activities This is about helping to build a sustainable and safe world for every individuals (Davis, Spaniol Somerset, 2015) Learning to transform one self and society The students must work toward a gender neutral, non-discriminatory society They must develop the ability and determination to integrate the sustainable lifestyles for themselves and others The students should promote behaviours and practices that reduce the ecological footprint on the world around the humankind The pupils must be respectful of the Earth and life with all its diversities The learners must act to achieve the social solidarity They must encourage democracy in a society where peace prevails Education for Sustainable Development for the environment This type of education integrates the values innate in sustainable development into all the aspects of learning This encourages changes in behaviours to create a more viable society for everyone These learning teaches people to reflect essentially on their own communities Empowers people to assume responsibility for creating and enjoying a sustainable future It is seen how under the leadership of Mr. Kobaye, the pupils of the New Horizon School are working as a team for the sustenance program regarding the environment (Adeolu, Enesi, Adeolu, 2014). Mr. Kobaye has made 4 sub groups in his team and in each group there are more than 50 students in the age group of 3 to 14 and it is seen how they contribute in the environmental program of the educational institution (Gbenu, 2012). Mr. Kobaye named the groups by the names of the legendary people who have great contributions towards the development of mother earth (Okoza, Aluede Akpaida, 2012). He named the groups respectively by the names of John Muir, Rachel Carson, Edward Abbey and Aldo Leopold. The group members have a proper routine, and based on that routine they work in specific fields on a daily basis. They work either in a way that each day each group looks after the poultry farm, or after the vegetable garden or after the fruit garden or they look after the natural pond where they are growing fishes within the school compound (Davis, Spaniol Somerset, 2015). The students under the leadership of Mr. Kobaye grows vegetables, fruits, poultry products and fishes within the school compound and they also have installed a huge solar panel on the roof of the building and it is seen how they are doing great in recent times. It can be said that in the year of 2020, the activities where the management of the school is trying to engage their students is commendable. The activities under which the students are engaged, in the end these activities would be proved as the base of their learning regarding the Mother Nature. The age group of 3 to 14 is the most precious time for any child and if within this age they are taught to respect and love the nature that is saving us from all the oddities, that would be a great achievement for the mankind (Davis, Spaniol Somerset, 2015). It is a matter of fact that, the management of the school is doing a great job by engaging the students in the activities regarding the developmental work for the environment. Th e students are learning to grow plants, fishes and they are even learning how to pet birds and domestic animals (Eskay Oboegbulem, 2013). The students are learning not to waste the natural resources and rather to preserve them. Standing in the year of 2020, it is a sure thing that the pupils need to understand that, earth is not so rich with its natural resources anymore due to the uncontrolled extraction of the minerals and rapid industrialization has harmed the biosphere immensely. Thus at this point of time it will be better if all the people starts showing concern for the environment for the betterment of all (Adeolu, Enesi, Adeolu, 2014). The institution New Horizon School has already became an example nowadays and they are continuously making the bars higher for all other educational institutions. It is seen that the school has gained immense popularity in last couple of years and many business leaders are trying to come up with the innovative idea that the management of New Horizon School has came forward (Davis, Spaniol Somerset, 2015). The business leaders are considering to set up schools following the model of New Horizon School as a part of their Company Social Responsibility. Conclusion Thus to conclude, it can be said that New Horizon School is setting an example for all the educational institutions all over the world and the management stated in an interview that if any educational organization comes up with an idea of collaboration, they would not hesitate to join them or even to help them selflessly. The basic idea was to contribute to the sustenance program of the Mother Nature and they are not considering the monetary side by helping others. The management also stated that they started their journey not only to educate children in an academic way, but also to teach them how to take responsibility and how to become an individual who can contribute to the development and sustenance program for the environment. It is a matter of fact that nature gives us everything that we need to live and we do not return anything to nature and if we do that that is a very nominal effort. The management of the institution has earned a lot of reputation by contributing so much to the society and to the nature as well. The management makes it sure that each year the students plant at least 100 trees within the school compound and even outside the compound. They are strong endorsers of go green project and all they want is to see lush green vegetation all around the globe. The management of the institution has a clear goal and that is to make earth a liveable planet at least for a couple of millenniums more and they are trying to work really hard for that. The management has understood the fact that over usage of uranium is dangerous for the mankind and that needs to be stopped. The management thus encourages that the parents of the students of their school to install solar panels to generate electricity on their own and not to depend on the natural resources for energy. It is seen that thermal energy is not being produced nowadays for the lack of coals and usage of uranium to extract energy is a popular process nowadays and that immediately needs to stop. Th us in short, it can be said that, New Horizon School is giving in a lot of effort for the betterment of the environment and all the people needs to step in the shoes of what the management of New Horizon School has set till now for the betterment of Mother Nature and overall betterment of the humankind. References Adeolu, A. T., Enesi, D. O., Adeolu, M. O. (2014). Assessment of secondary school students knowledge, attitude and practice towards waste management in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology,3(5), 66-73. Afolabi, A. K., Abidoye, J. A., Afolabi, A. F. (2012). Effect of instructional media on the academic achievement of students in social studies in junior secondary schools.President's Message, 57. Apple, M. W. (2013).Teachers and texts: A political economy of class and gender relations in education. Routledge. Chawla, L. 1990 Ecstatic places. Children's environments quarterly 7(4) 18-24 Chawla L. 2007 childhood experiences associated with care for the natural world. Children, youth and environments 17(4), 144-170 Davis, J. N., Spaniol, M. R., Somerset, S. (2015). Sustenance and sustainability: maximizing the impact of school gardens on health outcomes.Public health nutrition,18(13), 2358-2367. Eskay, M., Oboegbulem, A. (2013). Designing Appropriate Curriculum for Special Education in Urban School in Nigeria: Implication for Administrators.Online Submission,3(4), 252-258. Gadotti, M. (2016). Education for sustainability-A critical contribution to the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. Gbenu, J. P. (2012). State of Nigerian secondary education and the need for quality sustenance.Greener journal of educational research,2(1), 7-12. Harris, I. M., Morrison, M. L. (2012).Peace education. McFarland. Karrow, D. D., Fazio, X. (2015). Curricular Critique of an Environmental Education Policy: Implications for Practice.Brock Education: A Journal of Educational Research and Practice,24(2), 88-108. Kopnina, H., Meijers, F. (2014). Education for sustainable development (ESD) Exploring theoretical and practical challenges.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,15(2), 188-207. Lowe, l. 2007 climate change and our children's future. Every child. Vol. 13, no. 1. Market, j. 2009 sharing earth Male, T., Palaiologou, I. (2012). Learning-centred leadership or pedagogical leadership? An alternative approach to leadership in education contexts.International Journal of Leadership in Education,15(1), 107-118. McBeath, G. A., McBeath, J. H., Qing, T., Yu, H. (2014).Environmental education in China. Edward Elgar Publishing. Meek, D. (2015). Taking research with its roots: restructuring schools in the Brazilian landless workers' movement upon the principles of a political ecology of education.Journal of Political Ecology,22(0), 1-19. Ndwapi, G., Mosothwane, M. (2012). Training pre-service teachers in environmental education: the case of colleges of education in Botswana. Okoza, J., Aluede, O., Akpaida, J. E. A. (2012). Secondary school students perception of environmental variables influencing academic performance in Edo state, Nigeria.Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology,9(2), 84-94. Songqwaru, N. Z. (2012). Supporting environment and sustainability knowledge in the Grade 10 Life Sciences curriculum and assessment policy context: A case study of the Fundisa for Change teacher education and development programme pilot project.Unpublished masters thesis. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. Stone, m., barlow, z. 2005 ecological literacy educating our children for a sustainable world Warren, K., Roberts, N. S., Breunig, M., Alvarez, M. A. T. G. (2014). Social justice in outdoor experiential education: A state of knowledge review.Journal of Experiential Education,37(1), 89-103. Williams, D., Brown, J. (2013).Learning gardens and sustainability education: Bringing life to schools and schools to life. Routledge.

Themes of Death in Emily Dickinson’s Essay Example

Themes of Death in Emily Dickinson’s Paper Emily Dickinson, as a poetic writer, composed most of her works with the theme of death, the entirety of which can be categorised into three different periods of writings; the earliest mainly contained the themes of death and immortality, personifying death and elegiac poems and lacked the intensity and urgency of her later poems or their fascination with the physical aspects of death (VAN DAESDONK 2007). Because of Dickinson’s immense fascination with this subject it is interesting to compare her pieces against each other to see how her view of death changed over the years of her writing. ‘The Only Ghost I ever saw’, written in 1857-62, is an example of the earlier period of Dickinson’s writing. There are many different interpretations of this piece, the most obvious one is that the poem centers on an individual who has encountered the spirit of a person and is shocked by the meeting. A deeper analysis shows the possibility of the poem being about how the persona, or Dickinson, is forced to reassess her loyalty or belief of Christianity through the encounter of a ghost. In contrast ‘How many times these low feet staggered’, written 1890, can be recognised to belong in her later period as its theme centres on the viewing of the corpse of a mundane housewife and the physical aspects of her death. We will write a custom essay sample on Themes of Death in Emily Dickinson’s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Themes of Death in Emily Dickinson’s specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Themes of Death in Emily Dickinson’s specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The poem itself is in the first person persona and contains a grotesque dreary tone; and from the poem’s fascination with the corpse we can see Dickinson’s frustration and obsession with death. Concerning the form and structure of ‘The Only Ghost I ever saw’, the piece is a ballad, one of the two main forms of narrative poetry, as the poem uses the traditional ballad metre, which is made up of rhyming quatrains of alternative four-stress and three-stress lines. It is written in Iambic metre which gives the poem a soft flowing, lilting rhythm, this along with the many pauses throughout the poem cause the pace to become slow and smooth, much like the movement of the poem’s subject, a ghost, would be. ‘How many times these low feet staggered’ differs from this in that the metre of the poem is iambic, the first syllable of each line is unstressed followed by a stressed one, however the first line of he poem intentionally breaks this pattern. ‘How many times these’ makes the rhythm disjointed and gives the impression that the sentence itself is staggering like the line is trying to describe the housewife staggering over her work. The hyphen at the end of this line also helps to throw the rhythm off as it makes us pause in our reading, but, it also gives us time to stop and envision what the life of this drab housewife would have been like, and how hard it must have been if she would be ‘staggering’ her way through it. The idea about contemplating the dead woman’s life could be linked to the words ‘low feet’ as they are such usually unnoticed things to note about a dead person when normally a person would be looking at the face, it gives the impression that the persona of the poem is staring at the corpse’s feet in her death bed and wondering about how her life was life and what she must be feeling in death. The poetic voice of ‘The Only Ghost I ever saw’ has a dreamy tone to it which shows Dickinson’s feelings about death to be innocent, almost naive, in that she seems to view death and something peaceful and or sublime. However, in the final stanza the persona’s tone changes from the earlier dreamy quality of when they were speaking about the ghost and snaps to a harsher, berating tone, where the the persona never wants to remember meeting the ghost, which could be an indication of Dickinson’s realisation that the afterlife isn’t as simple and innocent as she first viewed it to be. Throughout the first three stanzas the lines all finish in a rhyme; ‘so’ and ‘snow’, ‘roe’ and ‘mistletoe’, ‘breeze’ and ‘trees’, which gives the poem a smooth flowing rhythm to it and a dream-like quality. However the final stanza breaks that pattern using ‘shy’ and ‘day’ which don’t rhyme, ruining the original lilting rhythm that the poem previously had, the breakage in the pattern accentuates the change in tone from dreamy to harsh. In contrast to the dreamy tone of the earlier poem, ‘How many times these low feet staggered’ has a distinctly more realistic and macabre tone to it. The mention of ‘flies’ gives us the image of decomposing meat as though the corpse were rotting which helps establish the more realistic side of what physically happens when a person dies, i.e their bodies rot. However the flies also clarify how monotonous the dead woman’s life and the tone of the poem is, as flies are known to continuously bang themselves against a window in their attempt to get out though them in what is obviously a futile effort which might have been what this woman’s life was like. The mention of the window also helps to create the idea that her death is the window of freedom she needed to finally escape such a droll life, emphasising the macabre tone by making death seem better than life. The phonology of ‘The Only Ghost I ever saw’ is mainly used to create the atmosphere and help with the imagery of the Ghost. The first simile of the poem in line three shows the reader the qualities of the ghost; ‘stepped like flakes of snow’ showing that his footsteps were light and pure, the delicacy of ‘flakes of snow’ also links back to the line about his clothes being ‘Mechlin’ which is lace, a delicate and intricate material (VAN DAESDONK 2007). Also in this line is sibilance the ‘s’ sounds of the ‘flakes’, ‘stepped’ and ‘snow’ help to emphasise the delicacy and how incorporeal the ghost is and give us a softer interpretation of it. In the sixth line the alliteration in ‘rapid like the Roe-’ ironically enough slows down the sentence creating a paradox, in that a line about ‘rapid’ movement is spoken so slowly, this is like the previous line ‘His Gait- was soundless’ which is also a paradox as it seems unnatural for any type of movement to be truly ‘soundless’. The paradoxes in the poem help to create an other-worldly atmosphere, which ties in well with the subject of this poem as a ghost could most definitely be described as an other-worldly creature, which belongs better in the spiritual plane rather than the mortal plane. Contrasting this, ‘How many times these low feet staggered’ uses man-made physical images to describe death, In line two Dickinson describes the dead woman’s mouth to be ‘soldered’, this imagery gives the conception that her mouth has been welded shut like metal and also gives the rather repugnant notion of how rigor-mortis has set into her body. These images link up to the idea of how in death this woman is unable to communicate with us, the living. The long vowel sounds in this sentence like in the words ‘only’, ‘soldered’ and ‘mouth’ cause the reader to to use excessive mouth motions which helps to create a contrast between us and our ability to pronounce these words and the dead woman who is so unable to move her mouth at all. In line 5 the two monosyllables ‘hot’ and ‘so’ give the line a seriousness and weight to it that tries to sober the mind and thoughts of the reader. The line talks of how the housewife was so often hot and sweaty from her long day of work and it links back to the earlier idea of staggering and again reminds us of how hard this woman’s life was. Another contrast between the two poems is the lack of nature, aside from the mention of a fly, in ‘How many times these low feet staggered’. Nature, which seems to be another favoured subject of Dickinson’s as we can see from her other poems such as ‘I taste a liquor never brewed’ and ‘Blazing in Gold’, is often referred to in ‘The Only Ghost I ever saw’. For instance the paradox of line five about the soundless movement would seem wholly unnatural were it not for the simile that follows after; ‘like the Bird’ this connects the paradox with nature and causes what would normally seem unnatural to feel perfectly normal and natural. Also because the poem has been set in winter time, ‘flakes of snow’, using birds in the line makes it seem far more realistic that the movement soundless because in winter time there is a substantial lack of birds, so there would be no movement and thus it’s ‘soundless’. In terms of the poem’s lexis, the use of the word ‘appalling’ in the final line of ‘The Only Ghost I ever saw’ is interesting because if you look up the word ‘appalling’ in the dictionary you’ll see that the definition is ‘causing dismay or horror. ’ However if you look up the origin of the word from 1810-20 the word comes from the Middle English ‘appallen’ taken from the Old French ‘apalir’ : ‘a’, to + ‘palir’, to grow pale (Howell, no date). This could be connected with the image of the ghost, who would stereotypically be a pale apparition, and would it in well with the interpretation of the poem being about how the ghost tests the persona’s faith in religion, The way Dickinson uses the word ‘adamantine’ to describe the corpse’s fingers in ‘How many times these low feet staggered’, whilst again showing us how rigor-mortis has set in, also gives the impression of how the corpse is precious to the persona as adamantine refers to â€Å"adamantine lustre of a  diamond†. The dead woman could have been precious to the persona; in life by how useful she was in looking after the house, or that in death the dead woman is precious as her body is the persona’s link into the world of death and the afterlife. The two poems themselves have very little in common with each other which is rather unusual considering that they circle the same subject and are written by the same person. ‘The Only Ghost I ever saw’ seems to show a young Dickinson’s innocent fascination with death shown though the dream-like tone and links to nature and therefore life, the final four lines break this by bringing about a harsher tone through the broken rhyme, which could be said to show Dickinsons fist steps towards the frustration and macabre fascination she shows towards death in her later works. Of which we see a lot of in ‘How many times these low feet staggered’, a more grotesque and dreary poem of death, seen through the referrals to man-made objects such as ‘handle’ and ‘hasps’ and the physical state of the housewife’s corpse. The changes in tone and view of death could have been brought on by age, as they were written about 30 years apart, and it’s inevitable that time could have matured Dickinson’s feelings about death, whether by the Civil War she lived though, and her brother fought in (VAN DAESDONK 2007), or the fact that in aging she was approaching the end of her life itself, thus creating an urgency in the need to understand what the next stage of life would entail for her. Bibliography: VAN DAESDONK H. 2007 Emily Dickinson Notes Teignmouth College, unpublished Dickinson, E. (1997) Emily Dickinson (Everyman Poetry) Phoenix The Only Ghost I ever saw (Wayne Howell, no date) Available at:http://www. 8georgetown/. edu/centers/endls/applications/postertool/index. cfm? fuseaction=poster. display (Accessed on: 21 February 2011) Optical properties of rocks and minerals (2004) Available at:http://www. rockcollector. co. uk/opticalprop. htm (Accessed on: 21 February 2011) Appendix: 274 The only ghost I ever saw 1 The only ghost I ever saw Was dressed in mechlin, —so; He wore no sandal on his foot, 4 And stepped like flakes of snow. His gait was soundless, like the bird, But rapid, like the roe; His fashions quaint, mosaic, 8 Or, haply, mistletoe. His conversation seldom, His laughter like the breeze That dies away in dimples 12 Among the pensive trees. Our interview was transient, — Of me, himself was shy; And God forbid I look behind 16 Since that appalling day! 187 How many times these low feet staggered 1 How many times these low feet staggered— Only the soldered mouth can tell— Try—can you stir the awful rivet— 4 Try—can you lift the hasps of steel! Stroke the cool forehead—hot so often— Lift—if you care—the listless hair— Handle the adamantine fingers 8 Never a thimble—more—shall wear— Buzz the dull flies—on the chamber window— Brave—shines the sun through the freckled pane— Fearless—the cobweb swings from the ceiling— 12 Indolent Housewife—in Daisies—lain!

Equal rights essays

Equal rights essays Imagine the world where people are equal. Social, academic, and political classes are vanished, People with the same mental capabilities sharing land and resources equally. Social life is a reflection of an individuals relations with people, economy, and education. Just like in the world of matter and atoms, likely atoms bond together and form a stronger element. Discarding the significance of equality among living creatures enforce the stability of the bonds among similar elements. This stability eliminates the chances of bringing together unfavorable elements. A world where the poor can not challenge the rich or even get along with him is undesired. Seeking the life style where everybody is equal will fasten the progress toward better life; it will eliminate the special cases. Such cases are when a category of people are employed to satisfy the needs of others, when depression controls the lives of the employed sector due to the fact that they can never achieve what their employers did. In such in equal environment, people will not be treated based on their ethnicity, religion, or physical abilities. This will bring everybody to the same dinning table. An Indian engineer is as smart and handsome as an Italian actor, a basketball player is as rich as a blind piano player, and no religious issues can put people on different boats. It is crucial to have professions and sciences in a living environment, but it is highly dangerous to have gaps between the professionals and amateurs, scientists and sophomores. We are seeking a better life in the sense where skills are appreciated regardless of its power. A professor will never underestimate his students ideas but respect it and help him develop it to benefit other. People will not look at a Harvard graduate different than a public schools one, all schools have same technology and quality of teaching. Neither engineers will get paid better than bank tell ...

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Technology - Essay Example The goal of modern warfare technologies like nuclear, chemical and biological weapons is to shatter the opponent by causing massive, large scale and indiscriminate loss of human life. Technology has not only made it possible to cause pervasive and senseless killing in human conflicts but â€Å"the challenges to the laws of war posed by technological revolution (Allenby 70)† have made modern warfare more unethical and impersonal. Simply speaking technology has made warfare more lethal by bringing into existence the weapons of mass destruction like the nuclear, chemical and biological weapons that cause senseless killing and are not concerned about the humane and ethical concerns governing wars. For instance, nuclear weapons are the creation of the technological development that has taken place in the past few decades. Nuclear weapons tend to be weapons of mass destruction that can cause large scale destruction and the loss of human life. Nuclear weapons rely for their impact on the energy inherent in the nucleus of an atom. When the particles in the nucleus of an atom either split or merge with each other, massive amounts of energy are released. When the nucleus of the atoms of a nuclear material like uranium or plutonium is split by using a neutron, leading to the release of energy, this process is called nuclear fission (Mueller 93). In contrast when the two atoms of an element like the isotopes of hydrogen merge leading to the release of large amounts of energy, this process is called nuclear fusion (Mueller 74). Nuclear weapons rely on nuclear fission or nuclear fusion to release energy that could cause massive bloodshed and destruction. The atomic bomb is a nuclear de vice that relies on nuclear fission to cause death and destruction. The atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima during the Second World War released energy equivalent to 15,000 tons of TNT and killed approximately

Islamic Culture - Shari'ah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Islamic Culture - Shari'ah - Essay Example As this occurs, there become boundaries that are created between the Islamic culture and those from other cultures. The more in which Islamic culture is defined without looking at the details of the neighborhoods, the more that the Shari’ah can be attacked while Islamic believers are created in one group of oppression. The Shari’ah, or the ethical standards of Islamic belief are widely accepted by the culture. However, there are also different areas of cultural acceptance that are throughout the world. The differences are based first on the segments of Muslims that are included in the religion and culture because of the generational approaches, such as children growing up in an Islamic community. This is followed by various communities that have changed according to the cultural location, specifically used to adapt to the region. The diversity of Islamic believers furthers with the sects that are a part of the Islamic religion, including most which are divided by the be liefs of Islam and the opposition which has been created to determine the value of the Shari’ah and other formations. The differences with Islamic belief are even further defined with more fundamentalist actions of individuals which interpret the writings of the religion in a different manner (Castells, 2010). The large number of differences of those in the Islamic culture is indicative of diverse thought and beliefs toward the Shari’ah as well as other actions taken in relation to the beliefs of the culture and religious identity. The differences which are associated with the Islamic community are often not recognized by others who are more distant from the religious beliefs and the cultural applications. This creates a sense of defining every individual who practices the religion or which lives in the culture as Islamic. Even though some groups are oppressed and others have various viewpoints, there is still the belief that each practices and performs the same belief s. The attack of others that are not familiar with the boundaries and divisions of Islamic belief then leads to an attack of the Shari’ah, specifically because this is the one account which every Muslim practices and lives by. The basic ethical code specifically defines the ways in which one should treat another. The attack against a specific group then indicates that the approach to treating others in the same regard is expected with the Shari’ah. This leads to expectations that the Islamic culture is expected to act or react in this specific manner. As this occurs, there is a direct affiliation with the Shari’ah being the main complexity that is associated with the community, as opposed to it belonging to the various Islamic groups (Tibi, 2010). Even though this is the specific approach that is taken with the expectations of the Islamic culture, there is a direct understanding that the actions based on oppression of specific segments or with the reactions take n against cultures are not aligned with the Shari’ah. The Shari’ah is one which focuses on the actions taken toward one’s neighbor as being important with acting in kindness and justice. This is further defined with the explanations of how to treat one fairly and with respect as well as actions which are not accepted in terms of Islamic culture and law. These various outlines toward one’s neighbor become the defining point of the Shari’ah (Hashimi, 1997). When there is a sense of a part of the Islamic commu

Saving the Operating Rooms Time and Cash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Saving the Operating Rooms Time and Cash - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear tha the material for this study was examined in light of the fact that the creator was interested as to the measure of investment funds that happened when one could utilize an item that spared a couple of minutes in the working room. The investment funds was much more excellent than expected, as of now up to a normal of $ 66 for every moment in the US doctors facilities. With the climbing expense of restorative mind in the United States, a piece of the obligation to diminish expenses rests with the therapeutic suppliers in light of the fact that they influence the buying choices. Quality must be upheld, however time must be spared also. Since utilizing the working room is currently an amazingly immoderate attempt, efficient items have tackled another importance. This paper highlights that the surgeon is in an exceptional position to either raise or bring down the working room charges by picking items that offer the same solace and quality yet take les s time to utilize. Hamel investigated working room charges, including the impacts of departmental infighting, materials administration, and booking inefficiencies. Epstein and Dexter stretch the need for doctors facility material administration framework and in simply time stock. Traverso and Hargrafe propose that doctors facilities and surgeons can enhance the surgical quality bundle by utilizing disposable gear and effective "within room" time. Andrews shows that the sterile tray development rate keeps on gaining piece of the pie over reusable and to develop at a ceaseless 5 percent for every year. Wasek stresses the cash spared in work and capacity when packs and trays are utilized, showing that a multiproduct tray buy has just I receipt, I check, I buy request, and I item to accept and store.

Digital Technology And Manipulation Media Essay

Digital Technology And Manipulation Media Essay The first device invented that could digitise or make analog photographs available in a digital format was a scanner made by Russell Kirsh in 1957 (Terras, 2008). The scanner functioned by looking at the variations in tone within photographs and assigning a digital value to represent a tone band. Instead of creating a new photograph this scanner copied an existing photograph and recorded it digitally. Because photographs can be scanned to a digital format, the initial analog negative can now be manipulated digitally and the truth value held by analog photographs can now be challenged. During the 1960s digital imaging technologies was still only used by large institutions such as NASA and the American government. It was not until the 1980s that the media began to use digital imaging technologies. Digital technology could be employed to enhance the clearness of television broadcasts and speed up the time in which photojournalists were able to send pictures to the media. In 1982, National Geographic published a photograph of the pyramids at Giza on the front cover of the magazine, see Figure 6. The photograph has been manipulated to fit a horizontal photograph of the pyramids onto the portrait cover of the magazine to make the front cover more captivating (Terras, 2008). It is important to note that this instance of manipulation was one of the first by a recognised organisation. National Geographics editor, Fred Ritchen who decided to compress the pyramids felt he had achieved a new point of view by the retroactive repositioning of the photographer a few feet to one side (White, 1999). Ritchens defence to accusations of manipulating the photograph was that if the photographer had moved and taken the photograph at a different time of the day then the photograph would be the same. However the fact remains that this photograph was not the one that was made. The fact that the photograph was manipulated was not broadcast. It was admitted to have been mani pulated when other journalists questioned the photograph. Howard Chapnick (1982) argued that the words Credibility and Responsibility allow photographers to call photography a profession due to ethical considerations rather than a business (p.40). Chapnick goes on to argue that not maintaining these ethics will damage journalistic impact and photography as a language. Lastly, he maintains the threat to credibility is permanent if people begin to disbelieve the news photograph (p.41). In 1985 digital cameras became widely used by professional photographers. Companies also marketed digital imaging camera to the public for domestic use. During this time the processing capabilities of computers was also advancing and provided a way for individuals to load image manipulation software and manipulate photographs. In 1991 the American government and the media used digital photography as a technology for the first time in a war environment. Not only was digital photography used to photograph the war but was used in weapon systems by America (Floridi, 1999). A much more recent current use of digital imaging technology is live electronic manipulation. Manipulating a live feed allows the editing of satellite image feeds. On the fly image editing may be used in sports programming to show lines on pitches or by governments to hide classified buildings from satellite imagery that is available to the public such as Google Maps. News television channels and can also employ technology to sow text feeds beneath news anchors. Delta Tre supply FIFA with sports data services and on screen graphics (Bevir, 2012). In 2012, the union of European Football Associations placed recorded footage of a fan crying at the opening of the game and played it after one of the teams had won the game to make for more compelling television. Amato (2000) argues that as this technology becomes more widespread and available the credibility of video media will be damaged permanently. In some ways this is similar to National Geographics manipulated Pyramid in that both rep resentations existed but were manipulated to give heightened sensation. The abilities that digital imaging technology have provided have been used by Walt Disney Imagineering Studio to take existing photographs and film of aged or dead celebrities made in the past to be used in new programmes or films (Amato, 2000). This use of technology to manipulate media evidences how analog photographs and films are susceptible to these processes and also asks the question of what is the final product? Is it simply a manipulated piece of video footage or a new creation entirely? Mitchell (1992 p.192) argues that it is a new creation entirely. Mitchell (1992 p.192) also argues that photography in recent times has entered a phase which he terms pseudophotography meaning that digital photography is not photography. Though the two methods are comparable, they possess different manipulation potentials which are examined in the next section. Manipulation Since Digital photography Savedoff (1997, p.19) argues that technologies alter rather than simply add to the resources of art. This means that photography as an art form has been altered by added manipulation potential. This new digital imaging practice should possess ethical consideration for the manipulation of photographs. However, this has not happened due to the inability to differentiate between the digital or analog photograph when printed creating difficulty for imposing a different standard for each method. Photographys relationship with reality as previously outlined is apparent in a digital photograph that has been printed, however the relationship created by the light reaction will not be present in a digital photograph. In an analog photograph created through a chemical process there is room for argument that the relationship with light remains intact. Although this trace looks to be evident in a photograph created by digital means, the trace is not a chemical reaction but a digital representatio n of reality. Additionally, digital photography is limitless in the number of alterations or manipulations that can be applied. These manipulations leave little or no evidence of themselves. Modern digital camera allow the photographer to review the image made and thus allows them such benefits of changing the composition until they are satisfied with the result. Images are manipulated by using computers and image editing software such as Adobe Photoshop, along with scanners to digitise analog images. Therefore, photographs made before digital photography are vulnerable to manipulation just like the aforementioned case of Disney outlined earlier (Bouse, 2002). The presence of digital imaging technology has changed photography and its relationship with veracity permanently. This lends evidence to Bouses argument that old photographs may be more widely trusted and that digital photography makes readers of images aware not only of current manipulations but of those in the past also. The reader of a photograph, although aware that the photograph was made before the invention of digital technologies is aware that the photograph might have been manipulated and nonetheless chan ges the way the reader interprets all photographs, manipulated or not (Savedoff, 1997). This means that digital technology has decreased the veracity of photography due to readers now questions all photographs. Lastly, it is very difficult for the average reader to distinguish between manipulated and non-manipulated photographs. Michelle Henning (2007) argues that digital imaging technologies have enabled limited new ways of manipulating a photograph. Henning continues that digital technologies have only made the manipulation of photographs more available. Henning also argues that the public was previously unaware of image manipulation techniques before the invention of digital imaging technology. Digital manipulation has made the public more aware of photo manipulation and maybe even increased how often images are manipulated. Digital vs Analog Photography has been changing since its birth in the 1800s and many of the changes have been driven by technology but were always based on chemical reactions to light. In the 1820s Joseph Niepce found a method to permanently fix a photograph using lavender oil and bitumen. Niepce swiftly developed this method further into heliographs made by using silver nitrate. Eduard Daguerre was also looking for a way to photographically record subjects and contacted Niepce to work with each other. After Niepce died, Daguerre found that mercury could fix images much more permanently and created the Daguerreotype which Daguerre believed at the time serves to draw nature and gives nature the power to reproduce herself (Hirsh 2000). Since photographys invention the idea of a device that could create unmediated representations of reality was widely believed yet now we begin to see photography may not deserve the verisimilitude it has been ascribed. At the same time Henry Fox Talbot worked on a photog raphic method using paper print. Like the creation of photography and the creation of digital photography these changes and advances were driven simultaneously by several individuals at once. The daguerreotype became the most popular and was widely used to make very simple portraits. Later though, interest was given to the Calotype created by Talbot. The Calotype was less reliable but allowed for prints to be reproduced much more easily and allowed greater detail with the print at least initially. During the mid-1800s negatives were made from glass and coated with albumen paper. These proved much more reproducible and gave more detailed and sharper results than earlier methods. With regard to digital methods, has digital photography made reproducing images easier due to the fact that digital images when stored on a computer can be duplicated instantly and without cost? Being able to reproduce a photograph has always been desirable and this is shown by the demand for the Calotype. Be aring in mind that digital imaging technology has helped progress the abilities of cameras, it has done this in a way that has divided the two types of photography causing great debates among them. Mark Amerika, digital artist and writer, in an interview talks about the differences between digital and analog photography. Amerika claims that images and how they are read is influenced by the way they are captured, meaning that as technology changes so does out interpretation of photographs (Jacobs 2006). Because photography is much more easily manipulated with digital photography the objectivity of the photograph is lost and it is futile to pursue objectivity (Jacobs 2006). It would seem true that manipulation is more common since the advent of digital photography, which could argue that the making of an image is only a small portion of the final product like in the aforementioned case of Rejalnder. Both Mitchell and Savedoff claim that digital photography and the manipulation of it cannot be compared to analog photography because it is a new medium (Savedoff, 1997). Both continue to argue that because with digital photographs the image is created with a digital sensor digital capture is a separate process to analog capture. Digital photographs receive their authority because they are almost identical to analog photographs and this authority is passed to the digital photograph. However, if this passing of authority is stopped, digital photography may be criticised for its lack of authority. News reporting currently accomplished by digital photography may no longer be an acceptable medium for those purposes. Oddly, as already outlined, if digital photographs obtains its authority from its similarity to analog photographs, analog photographs may lose its authority because of this relationship. It is important to note that photo manipulation was possible before digital technologies; it took place much less and needed much more time, effort and dexterity (Savedoff, 1997). Savedoff and Mitchell contend that the increase in frequency of digital manipulations is enough to show the conceptualisation of digital photography as a new medium. When an analog photograph was manipulated evidence of this procedure could be found on the negative and would more than likely mean the negative would be permanently modified. Yet with digital photography this does not apply (Savedoff, 1997). The digital file makes it very difficult to ascertain whether the file has been manipulated and also difficult to determine which file is the original, if one exists. Because analog manipulations needed expertise and dexterity it means that they were the exception to the norm as they were costly to accomplish. The refined abilities of digital technology that allow image manipulation to be completed with ease have made manipulated photographs become the ordinary. Savedoff (1997) claims that the power of the reportage photograph has lessened. Savedoff (1997) also contends that before digital photography there were well known standards regarding what was and what was not acceptable manipulation of an image. However, with digital technologies these standards have become irrelevant. This new trend of manipulation gives much less regard to what it means to manipulate an image. Amerika (XXX) furthers Savedoffs claims and he believes that instead of digital photography being a new entity it simply does not exist (Jacobs). Amerika argues that digital photography is just the processing of information and to print a digital image is no different to printing a text document from a computer. Amerika believes digital photography is not about photography but about binary code or manipulation ones and zeroes (Jacobs). However, if this school of thought is accepted then surely analog photographs are about chemistry and the reaction of light to a light sensitive medium. A third argument exists which opposes both Amerika and Savedoff. Michelle Henning (2007) makes the case that digital photography has changed or remediated the landscape of photography. Keeping in mind that digital photography is used somewhat differently to analog photography, but to greater extent is experienced and interpreted in similar ways. The design of digital cameras imitate analog cameras and feature the same vocabulary such as ASA/ISO standards which relate to film speed and are not necessary for digital cameras (Amerika/Jacobs). Maybe these imitations create a bridge between the two technologies that allows the inherent veracity of analog photography to be inherited by digital cameras (Henning, 2007). Henning (2007) asks why digital cameras try to imitate analog cameras when the potential of digital imaging is greater than analog capabilities. It is important to state that although many companies manufacture cameras it is the larger companies such as Canon and Nikon and So ny that market digital cameras aggressively. Hennings idea that digital photography has remediated analog forms of photo making is not because of the abilities afforded by digital photography but because of the way it has been aggressively marketed by the companies that manufacture them (2007). Henning (2007, p.59) summarises in saying that digital imaging is not less photographic than chemical analog is and that it is a different process but ends up as the same result. The final analysis of the differences between digital photography and analog photography outlined by Mitchell (1992) is to see digital and analog photography as similar to painting. Rather than painting no longer being used as many feared it would with the birth of photography, its purpose simply changed. A change similar to this may also be experienced by analog photography, finding its niche somewhere between analog photography and painting. Digital photography however possesses the realism of analog photography but is more easily manipulated, putting it next to the two art forms (Mitchell, 1992).

Jane Eyre Essay: Following the Moral Compass in Jane Eyre

Following the Moral Compass in Jane Eyre Jane Eyre is the perfect novel about maturing: a child who is treated cruelly holds herself together and learns to steer her life forward with a driving conscience that keeps her life within personally felt moral bounds. I found Jane as a child to be quite adult-like: she battles it out conversationally with Mrs. Reed on an adult level right from the beginning of the book. The hardship in her childhood makes her extreme need for moral correctness believable. For instance, knowing her righteous stubborness as a child, we can believe that she would later leave Rochester altogether rather than living a life of love and luxury simply by overlooking a legal technicality concerning his previous marriage to a mad woman. Her childhood and her adult life are harmonious which gives the reader the sense of a complete and believable character. Actually, well into this book I was afraid it was going to be another one of those English countryside, woman-gets-married novels. I was reminded of a friend's comment a few years back to "avoid the Brontes like the plague." But of course there is a little more than courting going on here. For example, if you compare Jane with one of Jane Austen's young women coming into society, you have a bit more adventure, roughness, and connection to nature. I don't think a Jane Austen character would wander around the forest, sleeping without cover in the wilds of the night to prove a moral point. Jane Eyre can get dirt under her fingernails--that's the difference. You also get more emotion in Jane Eyre, you feel with her, deep hate (for Mrs. Reed), religious conviction (with ... ...somewhat cryptic language. He simply had his mind elsewhere, which is probably why he ended up in India. In fact, I am glad the book ended with the focus on the character of St. John instead of with Jane or Rochester, as it hints to us that the importance of the book is not about finding the right person, falling in love, and living happily ever after. The theme of this book is about following your conscience. In this regard, Jane and St. John both did the same thing in this story: They both had strong, driving consciences; they both were tempted but pursued their course; and they both found a satisfying life in the end. This book is not about developing a relationship with a romantic partner, but about developing a relationship and learning to follow and live in tune with your own moral conscience.

Hysteria Comparison of the Salem Witch Trials and the Holocaust Essay

During both the devastating Holocaust in the Germany and the tragic Salem Witch Trials in the small town of Salem, innocent people were brutally killed, causing hysteria among the people. Both groups of people endured hardships because of the hysteria that occurred among them. This hysteria caused people to react in ways that they would not usually act. Both of these events are very historical and help The United States of America be a unified and prosperous country that it has grown to become today. Hysteria is defined as an uncontrollable outburst of emotion or fear, often characterized by irrationality, laughter, weeping according to the Webster’s Dictionary. The Holocaust is often defined as the brutal killing of about eleven million innocent people because of a racial prejudice against the Jewish race. This tragic occurrence was conducted by the awful and merciless dictator known as Adolf Hitler. The Jewish people were not the â€Å"perfect† race that Adolf Hitler wanted to create. He contradicted himself because not even he fell under the requirements that it took to become this perfect race. The Jewish people, such as ones that were only small babies and the elderly, were inhumanly killed in multiple ways. One example of this brutal killing of the innocent was when small children could be ripped away from their parents to be sent to the work camps that were scattered throughout the country of Germany. These work camps often worked the children so hard that a because of their lack of food and water killed them. This thing that these innocent people endured inside of these ruthless work camps is sometimes unimaginable to the human mind. The Salem Witch Trials took place in the little town of Salem. These events were sparked by a group of adolescent girls who were caught dancing in a forest and supposedly conjuring spirits. Witchcraft was very much frowned upon during those times. Religion was very important and in this circumstance many of the people of Salem were put to death. The girls had convinced themselves that if they lied and accused other people of being witches, they could take the blame off of themselves. John Proctor, who was a farmer in Salem that was accused of witchcraft, was willing to taint his own soul by admitting that he had an affair with Abigail. Abigail, who can be seen as the antagonist of this story was one of the girls that was accusing others of witchcraft. After John Proctor had be practically condemned by his once loyal servant Mary Warren and the other girls he knew that there was no more hope for him ever becoming an innocent man. â€Å"A fire, a fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face and yours, Danforth!†(Miller 111).When John Proctor said this, he being a somewhat religious man himself, knew that only the Devil could be behind all of these horrible things that were happening in his hometown. He felt that if he was going to go to hell so were the rest of the people that accused him of witchcraft. The people that accused him had done no better. John Proctor was led to react like this solely because of his fear of being put to death and leaving his wife, Elizabeth, alone. The lies turned into a large scandal among the people. The religious conflict in Salem deeply affected the outcome of the trials. This led to many innocent people being put to death because they were accused of being witches. In both the Holocaust and the Salem Witch Trials innocent people were put to death. Elderly people were not respected throughout the trials and their opinions about what should happen were never really listened to. The elderly people in the holocaust had no say so in anything and often they were looked at as a complete waste of space. According the Nazis, the vicious soldiers who ran these brutal camps, the elderly people could easily be killed so that they could make room inside of the often over crowded work camps. Poor people were also were frowned upon during the Salem Witch Trials. Many of the people, who had money and were well off, thought of them as scum. In a lot of cases there are people that tend to think that because someone does not have money they cannot make logical choice or decision. In the Holocaust many people that were poor were imprisoned. These people were not considered important. They were often considered to be the lowest of the low. During both of these events it is sad that just because someone is old or someone that lacks money could be treated as any less of a person that was younger or had money. There were deep rooted issues in both Germany and Salem that led to these dysfunctional occurrences that caused a mass hysteria among the people. Unity was the key factor that lacked among the people in the town Salem and the country Germany. Although Germany was united patriotically they were not united religiously. In Salem the people lacked a religious unity. They were not confident in their faith in God. If they were strong in their faith they would have had some sort of conscience and feel bad that they knowingly put innocent people to death. Lying was the main thing that led to the downfall of Salem. These lies left the town devastated both emotionally and economically. Germany also suffered from being economically and emotionally hurt. The very minimal amount of people that were still alive after the dreadful Holocaust had to recover from the devastating loss of all of these people. The emotional toll must have been huge amongst the people that lost loved ones. Also, with the amount of people that were gone it greatly affected the amount of money flow. Without all of these people to work in many of the businesses and make money for the country also caused Germany to struggle deeply. The Holocaust caused far more issues for Germany than there ever was before World War II. In conclusion, a mass hysteria can occur at any place or at any time. Being religiously unified as a country or as a small town should be one of the main goals because without it there will as we have seen in both of these events be a mass destruction of people and economy. God helps those who are desperate in times of need, and also those who surround their life with God. So if a country or town were to surround its laws around Also, man should be able to stand for what he believes in no matter what the situation or occurrences. Staying strong in your faith will eventually benefit one in the end. Works Cited â€Å"Effects of World War II.† Www2.sunysuffolk.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Jewish Life during the Holocaust.† Www.jfedpgh.org. N.p., 2012. Web. 30 Oct. 2012 Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York, NY: Penguin, 1996. Print. â€Å"Religious Persecution and Its Impact: The Holocaust.† Msbyrneatalex.edublogs.org. N.p., 12 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012.

Managing across culture Essays - Cross-cultural Psychology

Managing across culture Essays - Cross-cultural Psychology Managing across culture Final choice of location Group members: Introduction A place to start a new operation has been looking by a multinational Corporation (MNC) from the food & beverages industry. This MNC already has main operations in France, USA, India and New Zealand. To select the location of new operation, national cultural values, optimization of productivity, efficiency, market penetration and cultural value-added should be taking into account. Hofstedes model was used to analyze the cultural differences between the potential new locations (Brazil and South Africa) and the existing locations. 1.Hofstedes model analysis As seen from the bar chart (Appendix1.1) Brazil, South Africa, France, USA, India and New Zealand show many differences on each dimensions of Hofstedes model. 1.1 Power Distance Power distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. It has to do with the fact that a societys inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. In corporations, power distance can indicate the social distance between employees and employer. India achieved the highest score compared with 5 other countries which is 77. This was followed by Brazil and then France at 69 and 68 respectively. In contrast, New Zealand, USA, and South Africa scored 22, 40, and 49 which are quite low. Consequently, power distance is far in India, Brazil, and France, which reflect that inequalities amongst people are acceptable in these societies. In that countries, the privilege of supervisors to be considered as a problem of course which significantly contribute to the implementation of authority and those features clearly not helpful to build harmonious relations between employees and managers. (Laura M. Milner, Dale Fodness, 1993). 1.2 Individualism- collectivism The fundamental issue addressed by this dimension is the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members. It has to do with whether peoples self-image is defined in terms of I or We. In Individualist societies people are only supposed to look after themselves and their direct family. In Collectivist societies, people belong to in groups that take care of them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. Brazil and India gained low points in individualism dimension indicate that these societies are more collectivism, in which countries employee depend more on psychological contracts with the group. However, individual freedom and individual achievement are greatly important in the countries with high score on this dimension such as USA, New Zealand, France, and South Africa. The countries often consider encouragement and awareness of individual competitions. 1.3 Masculinity- femininity The masculinity societies will be driven by competition, achievement and success, with success being defined by the winner or best-in-the-field while in femininity countries, dominant values are caring for others and quality of life that is the sign of success and standing out from the crowd is not admirable. South Africa got highest mark on this dimension at 63, followed closely by USA with one lower, and then New Zealand and India (58, 56 respectively) . In these countries, behavior in work is based on the shared values that people should strive to be the best they can be and that the winner takes all. Also, people live in order to work, managers are expected to be decisive and assertive, the emphasis is on equity, competition and performance and conflicts are resolved by fighting them out. By contract, with a score of 43, France has a somewhat Feminine culture. At face value this may be indicated by its famous welfare system, the 35-hour working week, five weeks of holidays per ye ar and its focus on the quality of life. 1.4 Uncertainty avoidance This dimension is the extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have beliefs and institutions to try to avoid these. France and Brazil got high score on this dimension, which is 86 and 76 respectively, in those people are hard- working and supervisors tend to control employees strictly. However, in countries with low uncertainty avoidance, such as New Zealand (49), South Africa (49), USA (46),India (40), uncertainty in life can be accepted easier and people can accept more suggestion and critics. Furthermore, employees in the low uncertainty avoidance countries

How to Write a Speech in Film and Theater Studies The Only Guide You’ll Ever Need

How to Write a Speech in Film and Theater Studies The Only Guide You’ll Ever Need While speechwriting is not an integral part of most courses in film and theater studies, it still plays an important role, and professors often assign to their students to write and deliver speeches related to the subject. For example, it is a common form of discussing and analyzing films and plays in some classes. Alternatively, students may be asked to express their ideas in the form of speeches so that their peers can evaluate their views and their abilities to effectively express them. In other words, although you probably will not have to write and deliver speeches often, you are still likely to have to do it from time to time. The nature of the course to a large degree determines the typical characteristics of these speeches. Artistic perception of the subject material and creative approach to analyzing it are just as important as the knowledge of the theory. It is not easy to find guides dedicated specifically to writing speeches in film and theater studies; this is why we have prepared this manual. Here you will find everything you need to prepare your own speech, all neatly collected in one place. How to Write a Speech in Film and Theater Studies: Preliminary Work 1. Choose a Workable Topic The key to choosing a suitable topic is to stop trying to figure out a perfect course of action – you will just waste time and will be tempted to refuse perfectly viable topics in favor of an unattainable ideal one. Choose a topic that you can write a speech about and get going. Here are some tips on where to look for one: Your interests. If you are going to talk about something in front of an audience, it is better to pick something you are familiar with and can speak about with enthusiasm and without looking into your notes every second; Unusual juxtapositions. Some of the best topics come from setting seemingly unrelated things side by side. For example, ‘Religious Motives in Western and Japanese Horror Films’; Unusual viewpoints. Sometimes a choice of an unusual point of view on a well-known subject can define the direction the rest of your speech will take, effectively doing half of the work for you. For example, ‘The Role of Opera in the Development of Modern Cinematography’. Here are some examples you can use for reference: Shylock from The Merchant of Venice: a Villain or a Tragic Hero? The Role of Supernatural Elements in Drama across History: from Ancient Greek Drama to Modern Times; Korean Filmmaking: Western Influences and Original Discoveries; Akira Kurosawa and Cross-Cultural Influences between American and Japanese Cinematography; Reasons and Implications of Changes Modern Filmmaking Introduces into Old Literary Classics. 2. Research the Topic A speech, especially a speech delivered in front of a class, is usually very short, and you have to make sure each word you utter is backed up with facts. Do not make unfounded assumptions – always look for reliable sources supporting your assertions. The most trustworthy sources of information are articles from peer-reviewed magazines, books by recognized authorities on the subject, websites of reputable organizations and so on. Bestselling books, newspaper articles, websites of uncertain provenance are best avoided – you simply do not have enough space to dedicate to information you are not fully sure of. 3. Prepare an Outline An outline is a framework you build the rest of the speech around. Write down all the sections your speech will contain along with what you are going say in each of them and how you intend to connect them to each other. Usually a speech contains three basic parts: Opening – here you state your topic, clarify your intentions and try to grasp the attention of your audience; Main part – the ‘meat’ of your argument, your main idea and a few supporting points (usually 2 to 5); Conclusion – here you sum up what you have said and try to impress the audience with a particularly strong closing argument. How to Write a Speech in Film and Theater Studies: The Main Principles 1. Prepare the Hook A hook is an opening statement that immediately grabs the audience’s attention. If you start your speech with something line ‘Today I want to talk to you about Chinese film industry’, it is unlikely to excite your audience. Instead, you should begin with: A personal experience; A controversial or even shocking statement; An example that seemingly has nothing to do with the topic but leads up to it from an unexpected direction; A joke; Or anything else that introduces your topic in a witty and interesting manner. People pay the most attention in the first 10 seconds of a speech or so. By that time, they already form an opinion about the speaker, and it is incredibly hard to change it – so make sure you produce a positive impression the very first second. 2. Provide Background information But not too much. Even if you deliver a speech in front of your class, not everybody has sufficient background knowledge to appreciate what you are going to say. Make sure you give them enough data to follow you, but do not spend half of your speech doing it. 3. Introduce Your Points Logically and Keep Them Separate You will deliver your speech orally, which means that it is very important to keep it comprehensible and easy to understand. Your listeners will not have an opportunity to trace it back to check something they did not understand the first time around. Therefore, introduce your points one by one, provide supporting evidence, connect to the next point logically and do not go back to it anymore, lest you confuse your audience. 4. Connect Sections Using Proper Transitions Use words and expressions like ‘however’, ‘therefore’, ‘thus’, ‘then’, ‘the next day’, etc., to connect individual sections and make sure your speech flows naturally. You may not notice these transitions when you read a paper or listen to speech, but try taking them away, and any text immediately feels choppy and disjointed. 5. Use Short and Simple Words and Sentences It is a good practice to follow in writing in general and truly crucial when you prepare a speech. Big words and complex sentences make your speech sound overly formal, monotone and confusing. 6. Limit the Use of Statistics and Quotes Statistics and quotations can add a sting to your words, but they are only effective when used in moderation. It may seem that the more factual information and authoritative opinions you use, the more convincing and your argument is, but it can have exactly opposite results. If you scatter them across your speech, the audience will fill overwhelmed and will not be able to follow you anyway. Therefore, limit the use of statistics and quotes to one or two per point, and choose what you mention carefully. 7. Integrate Visual Aids Film and theater studies is a discipline that heavily deals with the visual aspects of its subject. To better demonstrate what you mean, you may want to introduce various visual elements: photographs, pictures, illustrations, graphs, charts and so on. It is usually not obligatory, but can greatly increase the appeal of your speech (although some speakers believe it to be distracting both for them and their audience). 8. End on a Powerful Note How you finish your speech is just as important as how you start it. While the opening defines the audience’s initial opinion of you and the degree of attention they will listen to you with, the conclusion crystallizes the overall impression your speech makes on them. Do not simply restate what you have said before – make the ending memorable, interesting and thought-provoking. The best way to do it depends on the purpose of the speech (e.g., a persuasive speech usually closes with a call to action). Some of the variants include: Tell a story. Human brains are extremely partial to narratives – they are much more likely to be impressed by and remember them than abstract information, even backed up with facts and statistics. So, just like with the opening, a relevant story is a powerful way to drive your point home and give the audience something to think about; Provide a relevant fact. Another way to give your audience some food for thought is to suddenly give them a fact or statistic illustrating your point; Introduce a quote. Everything you can say has already been said, and probably said better than you can. If you can quote a memorable and witty remark by an authority on the subject matter, do it. How to Write a Speech in Film and Theater Studies: Perfecting Your Speech Writing a speech is barely half the job. If you want to get a decent grade for it, you have to make sure you deliver it properly. 1. Practice Try to finish writing your speech at least a few days before the deadline so that you have enough time to practice it. Remember, it is not enough to memorize it the day before you have to deliver it – human brain works in such a way that you are likely to forget it overnight. To get the speech into your long-term memory you have to practice it for at least a few days in a row. 2. Keep an Eye on Fillers Inexperienced public speakers (especially in courses that do not normally deal with speechwriting, like film and theater studies) often unconsciously intersperse their delivery with fillers: ‘um’, ‘you know’, ‘well’, ‘so’, ‘like’. Pay attention to your speech and force yourself to omit them. 3. Record or Video Yourself Seeing and hearing yourself deliver a speech can give you valuable insights into what you can do to improve your delivery. You will be able to see many things you do not notice from inside, for example, your unconscious use of fillers or body language that betrays your uncertainty. 4. Try Delivering Your Speech Ask a friend or a relative (whom you can trust to give you honest feedback) to listen to you deliver your speech. Better yet, ask a few people – they can offer different insights and help you improve your speech in unexpected ways. Positive feedback is also useful – it helps you boost your confidence. 5. Slow Down Your speech has to fit in the allotted time span, and you have to check how long it takes you to deliver it and cut some fragments if necessary. You can get an approximate estimate of how long it will take you to deliver a speech using one of online tools designed for that purpose. What you should not do is deliver it at machinegun pace, which is a common practice both for those who try to cram a long speech into too little time and for those who simply get nervous and want to complete the job faster. If you have this tendency, keep it in mind and take effort to speak at your natural pace when you practice and calculate the length of the text. 6. Consider Pauses When you calculate the length of your speech, do not forget about pauses, silence and changes in volume. You can use them to great effect when delivering the speech, and if the speech is relatively short (as it is likely to be in your case), they can make enough difference in terms of length and make you cut certain elements. We hope that after reading this guide writing and preparing a speech in film and theater studies is no longer such a mystifying issue for you. Use it when working on your next assignment, and you will surely achieve success!