The Torment of a Lifetime - Original Writing :: Papers

The Torment of a Lifetime - Original Writing The eat room door was left ajar he could smell all the different aromas spilling through. He wasnt hungry, he settled for a cup of c makeee. The coffee awoke his attempt buds and realised that he could eat a breakfast. Unexpectedly he heard his name being called out over the tannoy, to go to the medical wing without delay. He thought it was just another routine medical examination, which all other staff dread. He stood before the door. He let out a big sigh entered the room and marched his way to the grubby desk and announced himself. He was asked to sit down and wait for someone to call his name to proceed with his examination. The chairs were all stain and torn they were in need of urgent replacement. His attention was fixated on a magazine about the Ancient Romans he picked it up and began to read it. The noise shortly ceased, leaving the tick-tocking of the clock not difficult to hear. He nervously wai ted, as he knew what was about to come. He began to hear faint footsteps gradually getting louder and walking(prenominal) being stomped in a rhythmic, ridiculed taunt. He felt like he was being harassed. This reminded him of a part in Jurassic Park. His eyes widened, a cardinal and one thoughts running through his head. He knows what happens next. He has to get out. Within seconds the door that had a placard saying Medical Staff Only burst open ricocheting off the adjacent wall. He flew back his chair in anticipation of what was about to happen, out emerged six examiners, accompanied by clipboards that were placed officiously against their chest. His nerves ar at rock bottom, ticking away with each tick of the clock. The door slammed shut as he stumbled back through. Once strength and power surged throughout his veins, his body was completely drained, like air sucked out from a balloon. His body has encountered the extreme in the past but nothing to the torturing treatment that he had

The Impact of the Electric Guitar on Music Essay -- Exploratory Essays

The Impact of the Electric Guitar on Music Everyone has moments when they feel as if they have launch the wrong place. Now, it was epoch for one young gentleman to partake in one of these moments. A salesman had an appointment for a meeting with a wealthy man, yet he found himself wondering if he had arrived at the correct office. This was supposed to be a millionaires office, yet as he looked around the room, he saw no leather couches or expensive desks. In fact, the room was sparsely furnished, and had no carpeting. There was a desk, a rather common one that was too clutter up with blueprints and assorted papers to recognize, anyway. Also cluttered, a metal bookcase was in the corner, covered with speaker parts and catalogues. This enormously wealthy man even saved a disposable Styrofoam cup, which was sitting on his desk with his name labeled on it. Still hoping to find the owner, the salesman peeked in a back room, where he found nothing simply dust, drills and punch presses. The man exclaimed, Maybe it was the room down the hall as he turned around. With this turn he bumped into the father of the solid-body electric guitar and the man he had been looking for. Mr. Fender then responded with a whole-hearted, Can I help you? (Wheeler, 1982, pp. 42-43). The sought after executive was a man named Clarence Leo Fender, who was responsible for the freshman winnerful mass marketing of the solid-body electric guitar. However, it was an innovation that came after people were already using the electric guitar. For years before Fenders success began in 1948, hollow-body electric guitars had been produced and used by top names in the guitar business, such as Lonnie Johnson, Eddie Lang, and Blind L... ... in American life. Smithsonian Productions. Retrieved December 21, 2001, from http//www.si.edu/sp/onair/guitar1.htm.Mongan, N. (1983). The history of the guitar in jazz. New York Oak.Pareles, J. (2000, November 12). The humbl e instrument that conquered the world. New York Times, p. 1, sec. 2.Romana, H., Gustafson, G., Purse, B., & Daft, M. (1998, March). Guitar Past, present and future. Music Educators Journal, 5, 84. Retrieved December 18, 2001 from EBSCOhost Database.Thompson, A., Levy, A., Ellis, A., & Fox, D. (1998, December). Legends of the Paul. Guitar Player, 32, 106-123. Retrieved January 4, 2002, from Proquest Database.Waksman, S. (n.d.). Instruments of desire The electric guitar and the shaping of musical experience. Cambridge Harvard.Wheeler, T. (1982). American guitars An illustrated history. New York Harper.

Welfare Reform: Promoting Independence and Self-Reliance Essay

Welfare Reform Promoting Independence and Self-RelianceMary Smith gets up all(prenominal) day at 6 am and begins to hustle around the house. She rouses her three children from their slumber and forces them to get ready for school. Once the kids are on the bus, she hops in her car and heads off to her job at the local fast food restaurant. After working her seven hours at the restaurant, she goes to her night course at the college in town. The course she is taking will help her get her high school diploma and possibly lead her to a successful career. These two things have been dreams of Marys for so long, but she hasnt been able to attain them until now. She has been on welfare since the age of eighteen after having her first baby, Elijah. Most days life still seems like an long tunnel, but now she thinks she may be starting to see a little light through the darkness.Many single mothers, like Mary Smith, and others on welfare have been given the chance to pursue happiness bec ause of the reforms to the United States welfare system. In August of 1996, President Bill Clinton signed legislation that changed frequently of the system. The bill that he signed was called the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity reconciliation Act of 1996. The three goals of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 were 1) to reduce welfare dependency and increase employment, 2) to reduce child poverty and 3) to reduce illegitimacy and strengthen marriage (Rector, par. 1). Clintons plan also include three new rules 1) requires most recipients to work within two years of receiving assistance 2) limits most assistance to five years total and 3) lets states establish family caps to abandon additiona... ...ec. 2001. < http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp- srv/politics/special/welfare/stories/welfare052799.htm. Naughton, Keith. From the Frying Pan to the Factory. Business Week. 1 June 1998 106. Otto , Mary. Sustaining Welfare-to-Work. Washingtonpost.com. 2 Dec. 2001. 6 Dec. 2001. < http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43074-Dec1.html. Pear, Robert. Changes in Welfare Bring Improvements for Families. The New York Times on the Web. 1 June 2000. 7 Dec. 2001. ? < http//www.nytimes.com/library/politics/060100mn-welfare.html. Rector, Robert and Patrick F. Fagan. The Good News About Welfare Reform. The Heritage Foundation Backgrounder. 5 Sept. 2001. 2 Dec. 2001.? < http//www.heritage.org/library/backgrounder/bg1468.html

Essay --

King Lear was one of Shakespeares lifetime popular work, and one of his most powerful works. Many people believe it was Shakespeares best tragedies ever committed. In this paper I will be giving a brief summary of the story as it unfolds and a typeface analysis from the main characters are going to be presented as well. King Lear of Britain decided to step down from his throne, leaving his fagotdom to his three daughters. Before the king divides his kingdom the king tests. The three daughters had to express their love for the king his two oldest daughters Goneril and Regan sweet talk the king for a part of the kingdom. Cordelia the youngest and Lears favorite remained tranquil and told the king that no word can express her love for the king. King Lear became furious for not hearing the sweet words he was expecting and disowns Cordelia. She then leaves the hoidenish to marry the king of France. (Mabillard) Lears most trusted counselor Earl of Kent is also banished for defending Co rdelia. Kent seeing danger in the Kings oldest daughters leads him to put himself in disguise as a servant. He be close to King Lear to protect him from Goneril and Regan who decides to usurp their fathers kingdom. Meanwhile the Earl of Gloucester is also dismayed by the events happening in his household. Edmund his illegitimate son told Gloucester that Edgar his legitimate son is trying to kill him. This being a lie by Edmund to obtain his brothers birthright. (Mabillard)When Gloucester realizes that Lears daughter have turn against him he decides to help him. Regan and her husband Cornwall discover Gloucester helping Lear and accuse him of treason, bling him and turns him to wonder the countryside. He later is found by his disguised son ... ...r father and dour against him. They plotted their fathers decease with Edmund. He was the son of Gloucester he was evil and wicked. Not only does he plot the kings death but his own fathers death too blaming it on his brother. Edgar was the opposite of his brother Edmund. He is similar to Cordelia both suffer very frequently thought out the story. Unlike Cordelia, Edgar does remain alive at the end, and ends up being the King of Britain with Kent and Albany. Kent was King Lears loyal companion and counselor. He remains incognito to stay with the king. Kent remained loyal to his king after he realized the kings daughters heartless actions. These were the conflicts King Lear faced passim the story. Many of the conflicts being from love, power, loyalty, and family. At the end of it all the king died of grief that he could have prevented from the beginning.

Malcolm Barber Essay -- Religion, The Templars

The Christians were fortunate individuals in the Middle Ages Christendom received its own religious military order to protect some Christians who undertook pilgrimages to Jerusalem after it (Jerusalem) had been overrun (5). This western sandwich order endorsed and sanctioned by the Pope and the papacy in general, was known as the Knights Templar. One of the Templars missions was to predominantly shake against the Moslems. The Moslems had been perceived as a polytheistic religion, that encompassed the worshipping of evil pagan Gods and a religion that encouraged illicit acts. This idea however is contrary to the true Islam Islam is and then a monotheistic religion that is categorized under Abrahamic religions as worshipping one God. The knights were affiliated with the crusades which remained popular within the 12th century (1). The Templars were respected within Western Christendom and the order was given numerous economic advantages such as land, the erection of fortifications an d lucrative job positions such as bankers. Sadly, the Christians were expelled out of Palestine and the Templars ability to fill their duties to serve and protect Christians in the holy lands and elsewhere were in jeopardy. Support for the Templar Order and the crusaders caused an entity to fade. Furthermore, the respect level and the anticipation of wanting to become a crusader by individuals in Western Christendom declined drastically, disabling the order to fulfill its protective duties. Moreover, the King of France Philip IV who was deeply in debt made it known that he was certified of the orders riches. He stated The Templars must make immense effort to relieve the acute financial problems of the reign through paying taxes, if they fail to do so I must f... ...were taking precedence or a two- century existence of the order did not merit much historical recording. Yet the wealth of information presented and the legal proceeding which climaxes this monograph are not only illum inating but articulated through print by Malcolm Barber. I would personally advise this scholarly work to individuals who already have immense knowledge on the Templars and to individuals who are new to the whole idea of this historical event. This monograph, in my opinion, should be a course reader within post-secondary institutions that promote advanced education and Barber should be commended on tackling such a controversial subject. Because the crusades are a large stain on how religion was advanced in the middle ages. Many ethnic groups suffered at the hands of Christendom however, this does not legate Barbers extraordinary scholarly work.

Malcolm Barber Essay -- Religion, The Templars

The Christians were fortunate individuals in the Middle Ages Christendom received its own religious array order to protect many Christians who undertook pilgrimages to Jerusalem after it (Jerusalem) had been overrun (5). This Western order endorsed and sanctioned by the Pope and the papacy in general, was known as the Knights Templar. One of the Templars missions was to predominantly fight against the Moslems. The Moslems had been perceived as a polytheistic religion, that encompassed the worshipping of evil pagan Gods and a religion that encouraged illicit acts. This idea merely is contrary to the true Islam Islam is indeed a monotheistic religion that is categorized under Abrahamic religions as worshipping one God. The knights were affiliated with the crusades which remained popular within the 12th blow (1). The Templars were respected within Western Christendom and the order was given numerous economic advantages such as land, the erection of fortifications and lucrative job po sitions such as bankers. Sadly, the Christians were expelled proscribed of Palestine and the Templars ability to fulfill their duties to serve and protect Christians in the holy lands and elsewhere were in jeopardy. Support for the Templar Order and the crusaders caused an entity to fade. Furthermore, the respect level and the anticipation of lacking to become a crusader by individuals in Western Christendom declined drastically, disabling the order to fulfill its protective duties. Moreover, the King of France Philip IV who was deeply in debt make it known that he was aware of the orders riches. He stated The Templars must make immense effort to relieve the acute financial problems of the reign through paying taxes, if they fail to do so I must f... ...were taking precedence or a two- century existence of the order did not merit untold diachronic recording. Yet the wealth of information presented and the legal proceeding which climaxes this monograph are not only illuminating but articulated through print by Malcolm Barber. I would personally recommend this scholarly work to individuals who already have immense knowledge on the Templars and to individuals who are new to the whole idea of this historical event. This monograph, in my opinion, should be a course reader within post-secondary institutions that promote advanced education and Barber should be commended on tackling such a controversial subject. Because the crusades are a huge stain on how religion was advanced in the middle ages. Many ethnic groups suffered at the hands of Christendom however, this does not delegate Barbers wonderful scholarly work.

Drug Companies and Ethics Essay

After researching pharmaceutical companies, I quickly realized this is a very controversial topic. Im not certain anyone in many of these companies have very many moral standards. Drug companies seemed to be very profitable from the researchers to the drug reps that deliver gifts and sample meds to the specifys offices that push their medications. Many activists will argue that drug companies put themselves before human rights. Companies violate health related human rights by prioritizing loot over passels access to essential medications.Many large scale drug companies argue that they atomic number 18 proudly taking the stakeholder approach and striving to promote passably labor practices and non-discrimination in the workplace. They will also argue that the reason medication prices are so high is because of all of the research that is involved in ontogeny a medication, while activists argue that meds are so expenisve due to the marketing they put into a drug in the first sev eral eld.I lay down researching the pharmaceutical companies to be very evoke. It was very hard to get past the negative controversies and debates to find anything positive about any one company. However, I in the end found one company in particular, Merck & Co. that has taken responsibility and turned around some negative press by developing a curriculum that helps thousands of people.Lynch 2 Merck is one of the largest and most profitable drug companies in the world, but they have also been a leader in a part program that helps Third World countries in Africa, South America and Yemen since the 1980s. Merck became one of the first drug companies to become socially responsible by donating to countries that could not reach the essential medications needed to prevent a disease that caused something as severe as blindness in hundreds of people. Their medication, Mectizan, taken annually can alleviate and has eventually eliminated this disease in some countries. Since the 80s wh en Merck started this program many other drug companies have jumped on board. Companies such as Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson and GlaxoSmithKline have all started taking social responsibility and are now donating through programs to these Third World countries.These companies are donating medications that our country takes for granted and that we may not need in our everyday life. Johnson & Johnson donates a medication that rids their children of intestinal parasites while Pfizer donates Zithromax to eliminate trachoma. If it were not for these companies donating such large quantities of these drugs every year, millions of lives would be lost. I find it very interesting that the drug companies that many people complain about and that make millions a year in profits seem to also be able to do such wonderful things in these countries. I found many articles that complained about the CEOs and about the terrible morals that some of these pharmaceutical companies are known for. I think that w hen it comes to morals and ethics people see what they want to see. Drug companies have had a bad name for many years so you dont see a lot of positive press and articles such as the one I found. It was actually refreshing to study about the drug companies that donate and the lives they save.Some of us may not agree with how these companies push their drugs into our doctor offices and we may even say that they do not practice great ethics, but it seems as if these companies are at least trying to keep a good name. I am certain that the people in these Third World countries are very grateful to the drug companies that donate because not only are these companies saving their lives but they are also saving the lives of their children.

Performance management system at TCS Essay

The operation focus process involves each levels in an make-up. strategical destructions set by the organization filter through the organization and affect the goals and activities of individually employee. In addition, the performance commission process gathers and updates current employee data to save the human resource information governing body (HRIS). The HRIS contains a skill bank of employee information that enables the HR de luckment to determine if the organization has the right mix of skills and mint to achieve the organizations goals in an ever-changing world. This information is drilld in all areas of HR decision-making. Effective performance management requires ongoing communicating between supervisors and staff. The assessment and review part of the process provides the opportunity for documentation and formal communication. Its the time for the supervisor and the employee to set developmental goals that reinforce the organizations strategic plan and, if th ere are areas of problem performance, action plans for improvement. in that location should be discussion of the employees career progress and plans made for bringing up and long-term career growth. Many supervisors see the assessment process as a motif mari geniustte to improve employee performance.The employees main objective is to run feedback from the supervisor on his or her change state performance. Ideally, employees receive feedback at all times and non just through the review process. The employee allow for to a fault foresee organizational support in his or her career growth.To jerk offher, the employee and the supervisor should identify areas for improvement and set goals for develop and skill development. Anything the supervisor rotter do to lift the employees skills will benefit both the employee and the organization. If the organization links performance appraisal to allowance, most employees will expect a raise as a result of a positive review. Though su pervisors generally conduct the review, they may non have a say in the amount of compensation looted because compensation is normally determined by organizational policy. This can be particularly problematic for supervisors who want to motivate employees through the appraisal process but disclose the organizations compensation to be a de-motivator when increases are not as much as employees would like. For this reason, many supervisors prefer that compensation increases are not linked to the performance appraisal process.Difference between transaction management and performance appraisal Performance ManagementPerformance AppraisalPerformance management is a goal-oriented system to ensure that organizational processes exist to maximize the productivity of employees, teams and, ultimately, the organization.A performance appraisal is a formal system of review and rating of individual or team performance.Performance management is an ongoing organizational process that is conducted to maximize the productivity of employees with the overall intention of improving the organizations effectiveness.The performance appraisal is a plosiveic event to reflect and evaluate past performance with the intent to identify strengths and weaknesses of an employees performance and to identify developmental goals.It is strategic in nature and involves either person and all HR processes in the organization. All are directly tied to achieving the organizations goals.A performance appraisal is just one part of a performance management system.The Importance of Performance ManagementThe employees are an integral and indispensable part of running a business smoothly and efficiently. Thats why, keeping in mind the crucial role of the employees, a recent trend known as Performance Management has come into practice. Using performance management, we can ensure that our employees not only fulfil their responsibilities, but do so to the best of their abilities and up to your expectations . Performance management allows us to tap the full potential of our staff. It can be described as a comprehensive process starting from monitor and developing the desired traits to rating their progress and rewarding them for their skills. I. Involve Employees in the Planning StageThe making of plans alone will not help us to run our business successfully. We must likewise focus on the appropriate ways to pulsate business tasks done. One way of doing this efficiently is to involve our employees in the planning process. This will not only boost their morale and confidence, but also help us avoid any communication gaps in the process. Additionally, it will also help in providing them with a clear picture of what we expect from them and what they need to accomplish.II. Monitoring the Progress of Our EmployeesJust as revision of business plans is sometimes necessary for the success of our business, measuring the performance of every employee is also important. This ensures that tasks are efficiently completed on time and on or under budget. It also points out to you any shortcomings of either our staff or business plans, and helps us to take the appropriate corrective actions.III. Ensuring All Around Development of EmployeesPerformance management gives us the tools to install the desired qualities in our employees in order to get the job done. Development is not limited to only individuals in our workplace, but also addresses the performance of the team as a whole. All around employee development not only ensures thepersonal and professional growth of our employees, but also the magnification and improvement of our business.IV. Evaluation of Individual PerformanceEvaluating and rating the performance of our employees on an individual basis is essential. This gives them a clear picture of where they presently stand, areas that they need to work on and what they are good at. This way, they can focus more on their weaknesses and work to strengthen those areas. We should make it company policy to issue performance reviews plot of land providing your employees with the feedback that they need to perform better at their jobs.V. Rewarding Our EmployeesRewarding and appreciating our employees efforts ensures that the level of their performance and consequently the performance of our business is not compromised. It ensures optimum productivity, Performance and utmost profitability. Rewarding our staff for a job well done not only enhance their performance but also serves as a tool to keep them motivated. Therefore, performance management is an effective system that allows us to achieve the financial goals of our small business. Methods of Performance AppraisalThere are a variety show of appraisal modes available to organizations. The method selected by the organization should fit well with the organizations goals and be appropriate to the job being appraised. Some organizations use different methods for different positions. Regardless of the system used, regular communication and feedback from managers are more important than the method used. Graphic rating scaleA pictorial rating scale is the most commonly used appraisal system. Evaluators record their judgments on a scale that includes about 57 categories. Categories are be by adjectives such as outstanding, meets expectations or needs improvement. This method is popular because it is easy to administer and can be quantified, if desired, by adding a numeric honor to each description.Ranking methodIn the ranking method, the evaluator places employees from a particular gathering in the order of overall performance, starting with the top instrumentwho is rated the highestand moving down to the poorest performer in the group who receives the lowest ranking. Paired comparison is a variation of the ranking method in which the performance of each employee is compared with every other employee. The comparison is often based on a single criterion, such as overall perform ance. The employee who receives the greatest number of favorable comparisons is stratified the highest. This can be difficult to administer if your work group consists of a large number of employees.Forced distribution methodThe forced distribution method requires the evaluator to assign individuals to a limited number of categories, much like a normal frequency distribution curve. A few individuals will get very high ratings and a few will get very low ratings, with the majority averaging in the center of the curve. Generally, those with very low ratings are clear to termination. As with the ranking method, this system requires the evaluator to place some employees at the bottom, even if their performance is acceptable, and some at the top, even if performance may rattling be less than outstanding. The system makes the erroneous assumption that there must be some outstanding workers and some poor workers, even when that may not be the case. Forced distribution is unpopular among managers because many believe it destroys teamwork and fosters cutthroat competition among employees.Critical incident methodThe critical incident method requires the evaluator to maintain records of employees favorable and unfavorable performances. These critical incidents become the basis for evaluation. The incident log must be maintained over the entire evaluation period to eliminate the problem of just evaluating an employees most recent Performance.Essay methodIn the essay method, the evaluator writes a brief narrative of the employees performance. The major criticism of this method is that it is verysubjective because the evaluation criteria left entirely to the discretion of the evaluator and the results are dependent on the writing skills of the evaluator. It can be difficult to compare the results of employee evaluations that use the essay method because there are no common criteria used for evaluation. parallel barsbehaviorally anchored rating scaleBARS is a behaviorally anchored rating scale that combines elements of a traditional rating scale and a critical incident method. Various performance levels are described on a scale, and the evaluator compares the employees performance to the levels described. The descriptions provided reduce the amount of judgment required of the evaluator and rely on the evaluators observations of the employees work behavior.MBOmanagement by objectivesManagement by objectives, or MBO, is a results-based system that relies on the manager and the employee to jointly agree on objectives, the attainment of which becomes the basis of evaluation for the next appraisal period.TCS- Tata Consultancy ServiceAbout The CompanyTata consultancy services limited (TCS) is the world-leading information technology consulting, services, and business process outsourcing organization that envisioned and pioneered the adoption of conciliatory global and pioneered the adoption of the flexible global business practices that today enable comp anies to operate more efficiently and produce more value. They are part of one of Asias largest conglomerates- the TATA Group- which, with its interests in Energy, Telecommunications, Financial Services, Chemicals, provides us with a grounded understanding of specific business challenges facing global companies. The role of HR assumes unthinkable proportions and is subject to large challenges. With this sensitive breed of IT professionals, how has TCS grown to and sustained at the number one position is a question which market watchers have asked themselves a thousand times. There is but one answer- passion for excellence in the workforce practices.TCS has developed an unbreakable bond with sound HRpractices in an environment that defines traditional roles and responsibilities. The TCS-HR group operates with technical experts to create a synergy which is enviable. The role of HR, which is that of a facilitator. So whether it is recruitment or even career development, HR is the cata lyst which initiates and institutionalizes processes. To manage all the functions for over 14000 employees is a difficult task but the smoothness of operations is intriguing. The HR structure, which allows flexibility and empowerment, is the solution.Performance Appraisal Criteria at TCSObjectiveData relating to performance assessment of employees are recorded, stored and used for different purposesMAIN PURPOSE OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISALGeneral ApplicationsSpecific purposesDevelopmental Uses denomination of individual needsPerformance feedbackDetermining Transfers and job assignmentsIdentification of individual strengths and development needs. Administrative UsesSalaryPromotionRetention or terminationRecognition of individual performanceLay-offsIdentification of poor performersOrganizational Maintenance/ ObjectivesHR planningDetermining organization training needsEvaluation of organizational gal achievementInformation for goal identificationEvaluation of HR systemsReinforcement of org anizational development needsDocumentationCriteria for validation researchDocumentation for HR decisionsHelping to meet lawful requirementsPerformance Appraisal and Competitive Advantages in TCSThe objectives of performance appraisal, point out the purpose which such an exercise seeks to meet. What needs emphasis is that performance evaluation contributes to TCSs competitive strength. Besides encouraging high levels of performance, the evaluation system helps identify employees with potential, reward performance equitable and determine employees need for training.Specifically, performance appraisal has helped the TCS gain competitive edge in the following ways Improving performanceMaking correct decisionsEnsuring legal complianceMinimizing dissatis detailion and turnoverValues and doingsStrategy and behaviourTCS conducts two appraisals1. At the end of the year2. At the end of a projectAppraisals are based on Balanced Scorecard, which tracks the achievement of employees on the basi s of targets at four levelsBased on their individual achievements, employees are rated on a scale of one to five (five = superstar). If employees get a low rating (less than two) in two consecutive appraisals, the warning flags go up. If the poor performer continues getting low scores then the release option may be considered. Over the years TCS has found the pattern that leads to the maximum decline in performance. If employees work for more than two years onthe same project, typically either their performance dips or they leave the organisation. To avoid that, TCS shuffles its employees between projects every 18 months or so. Performance drops if motivation drops the employee satisfaction depends upon the fact whether his performance is being appreciated and recognized. TCSs performance management system has metamorphosed into one that emphasizes objectivity and a system that mandates performance evaluation against pre-determined criteria.What Deserve modified mention is the act ive participation of the senior management in the determination of guidelines for the Performance Appraisal Process. The process ensure buy in of the employees since the guidelines for the rating system and its conversion into money terms is not unilaterally decided by HR but is a consensus of a cross functional team with image from all levels. TCSs performance appraisal system is supported by an online system called the Human Resource management system an Oracle Developer 2000 based tool. An employees performance history at the click of a button and this accurately maintained for 14000 employees. Right from his entry, an employee in TCS get formal performance feedback once every 2 months till such time that he is confirmed after which the performance feedback is provided twice every year on a formal basis. TCS thus far widely encourages informal feedback discussions between Project leader & Team Members and this concept have found an overwhelming appeal among the heap.Recognitio n at TCSGuaranteed high motivation levels at TCS through competitive compensation packages, stimulating job content, outstanding development opportunities, and not the least, an innovative reference mechanism.The various ways in which TCS recognizes its people are listed below Project milestone parties to encourage efficient execution of projects. Recognition of star performers / high fliers to recognize outstanding talent. Nomination to covet training programmes to encourage self-development. Best project award to promote a spirit of internal competition across work groups and to foster teamwork. Best PIP award to encourage innovation and continuous improvement. Best auditor award to acknowledge participation in critical support roles Spot awards to ensurereal-time recognition of employees. Recommendations for late technology assignments / key positions to ensure career progression and development of employees full potential. Performance-based annual increments to recogn ize high performers Early confirmations for new employees to reward high-performing new employees Long-service awards to build organisational loyaltyEVA-based increments to ensure performance-based salaries. On-the-spot recognition to guarantee immediate recognition of good performance.

Is Elizabeth Bennet the ‘perfect heroine’? Essay

Jane Austen wrote in a letter that she found Elizabeth white avens to be as delightful a creature as always appeared in print. Is Elizabeth the perfect(a) heroine? Look at her character and its development throughout the novel to account for her appeal.Elizabeth is the second of Mr. and Mrs. white avenss five daughters. She is her finds favorite child because she has something more of quickness than her sisters. Despite this, in her mothers eyes she is non a bit better than the othersShe is not half so handsome as Jane, nor so good humored as Lydia.As the book is written mainly from Elizabeths point of view, we cognise minute of her physical appearance. Darcys admiration of her fine eyes is a constant source of teasing for Caroline Bingley.I am afraid that this adventure has preferably affected your admiration of her fine eyes.We are in any case told that she was a reputed beauty in Hertfordshire and that Col geniusl Fitzwilliam admires Mrs. Collins pretty young friend.At the opening of the book, Lizzy is described as having a lively, playful disposition, which delighted in anything ridiculous. She admits to finding diversion in follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies. Towards the end of the novel, she believes thatby her ease and liveliness, his mind susceptibility have been softenedHer refusal to forgive Mr. Darcy after he has snubbed her at the ball shows her to be proudI could easily forgive his pride, if he had not humbled mine.She is determined.. Lizzy always speaks her mind, illustrating her ability to designate for herselfI am no longer surprised at your knowing only six accomplished women. I rather wonder now at you knowing any.It this mixture of frankness, belief in her own opinions and waggishnessElizabeths spirits soon rising to playfulness once more that makes her such a real person and an independent young woman. She alike knows how to use sarcasmMr. Darcy is un special Kly kind to Mr. Bingley, and takes a prodigious get alon g of care of him.Lizzy is very perceptive, having quickness of observation. When Darcy and Wickham first meet in Meryton, she notices the countenance of both(prenominal) as they looked at each other. This quickness also leads her to see through the attentions of the Bingley sisters they were in fact very fine ladies not deficient in good humour when they were pleased, nor in the power of being winsome when they chose it, but proud and conceitedLizzys perceptiveness at the start of the book has a great bearing on the end because it sometimes leads her to justness too quickly and jump to conclusions. Her opinion of Wickham was ill founded and derived from this tendencyHis countenance, voice, and manner, had established him at once in the possession of every virtue.Elizabeths opinion of Wickham was also influenced by her prejudice against Mr. Darcy. When Wickham fails to attend the ball at Netherfield, Elizabeth immediately attributes this to his being purposely omitted for Mr. Darc ys pleasure in the Bingleys invitation. On hearing a different reason for his absence, and at a suggestion from DennyIt assured her that Darcy was not less answerable than if her first surmise had been just.It isnt until this ball guess that we see the full extent of Lizzys prejudice against Darcy. She declares that Attention, forbearence, patience with Darcy was injury to Wickham. In a conversation with Charlotte Lucas, Lizzy exclaimsTo find a man agreeable whom one is determined to hateThis quote is very significant as it shows that no matter what Darcy did, Lizzy would be prejudiced against him. Evidently Lizzys prejudice has overcome her common sense. This is a highly uncommon characteristic for an author to bestow on her heroine, for it shows very clearly that this is a real girl and by no pith a model young lady as virtually heroines are.While dancing with Darcy at Netherfield, Lizzy ventures to guessIt is particularly incumbent on those who never intensify their opinion, to be sure of judging properly at firstThis later proves to be ironic, as it is she, not Darcy who had jumped to conclusions therefore, proving that she had judged incorrectly at first. Once Elizabeth has an opinion of a person, it takes a lot to change it. She only achieves this after receiving the letter from Darcy. Despite her faults, Lizzy is not afraid to admit them and own that she was wrongShe grew absolutely ashamed of herself. Of uncomplete Darcy nor Wickham could she think without feeling that she had been blind, partial, prejudiced, absurd.As well as being able to admit her mistakes, Lizzy has great honesty of mind. She has great self-belief but doesnt try and lead on herselfThe justice of the charge struck her too forcibly for denial.As well as being honest with her self, she is honest with other peopleYou know enough of my frankness to believe me capable of thatThroughout most of the book, Lizzy is prejudiced. This is where the prejudice in the title stems fromwith a strong prejudice against anything he might sayAndto find a man agreeable, who one is determined to hate.It is not until she reads Darcys letter that Lizzy realises her error. She blames her prejudice on the fact that she was offended by the shed of the other (meaning Darcy).It is clear by the end of the book, that she has learnt her lesson and will think before forming opinions about people in the futureWe have both reason to think my opinions not entirely unalterable.Elizabeth has a reality about her, which is strong enough to make you believe that this person could have actually lived. She is not perfect and makes the same mistakes that anyone could, but learns from them at the same time. I think it is this and that she is such a model for the feminists of today that makes her such a charmingly different romantic heroine. It is that she is so unlike the majority of romantic heroines that must be held accountable for her appeal.It is the fact that she isnt a perfect person, she is only the second prettiest in the Bennet family, which makes her so different from many of the stereotypical heroines, who are calm, passive, quiet, peaceful and vulnerable. She has survived time and, although set in the early eighteenth century, she gives you the feeling that as a person, Elizabeth Bennet would be just as at home in the year 2000. She is full of energy, witty, confident and independently minded, making her an ideal for modern femininity.we have both reason to think my opinions not entirely unalterably.that I had not been so weak and vain and nonsensical as I knew I had. This again illustrates her hypocrisy as she had teased Mr. Darcy at the start of the book for having vanity and pride here she admitted that she herself had been vainThis quote also illustrates her devotion to a most beloved sister, Jane

Maxims and Sayings, Herakleitos Essay

The Unity of Opposites is a very interesting piece. The concept of opposites and the balance that lies inwardly all is the main idea. By placing these values and definitions as one in the same Herakleitos goes a step further. Although he only discusses a limited spell of things and their opposites, this theory can go beyond and be forever limitless in the categorizing of opposites. It sheds light to the idea of balance and good and bad, heaven and hell, life and death. tout ensemble things in this universe have an opposite and that which is living is also death and here within lies the harmony of absolute knowledge. In a way I believe Herekleitos is seeking wisdom by defining mans belief in religion and themselves. As so stated in his final verse I inquired of myself.One excerpt from the maxim stating, War is father of all and king of all and some he made gods and some work force, some slaves and some free., shows a strong belief in warfare and accurately depicts the Mycenaean cu lture of the warrior class. This culture took great pride in their belief of war and strength in pillaging. They lived by the idea that to survive one must attack beforehand being attacked. Just as in the saying by Herakleitos, The name of the succumb is life, but its work is death., a belief for warfare and weaponry is shown.By giving life itself to the object of the bow, the Mycenaean culture can be delimitate as a war mongering culture. This theory is clearly defined as well in the art piece known as The Warrior Vase. By personation ancient warriors on this vase, the Mycenaean culture shows that even on a home based piece of pottery, one is reminded of the true value of warfare and strength. The men portrayed on this vase also show a high level of weaponry and defense for an ancient culture with minimal contact with Egyptians and well before roman times.

What are the objectives of both parties in the exchanges?

Both parties in these flips want to obtain the best accounts available for their groups to maximize profit for the company, and also for their staff. In addition, they some(prenominal) want to get their points across firearm looking out for their teams best interest. Based on the exchange, it seems that Marilyn prefers sharing the accounts rather than being left with the small ones, while Len would like to work on accounts that will generate more money. How would you describe the general tone of the exchanges? The tone of the exchanges seems to be slightly aggressive between Marilyn and Len.In the first exchange, it almost seems like Lens tone is a little threatening and Marilyns tone is defensive in response to this. She also seems to be worried that shell be stuck with the smaller, less productive accounts that Len is trying to push on her. Were Marilyns objectives on the way to being effectuated in the first exchange? No, I notice that Marilyn started off well but then allowe d Lens aggression to get the best of her. She became more defensive while countering each of Lens comments, which caused her to lose resume of the points she had to present in this negotiation.If this would have continued in this manner, Marilyn will not get her point across. Len had her backed into a corner, and Marilyns defensiveness was ineffective, since it wasnt able to shimmer the negotiation in her favor. Were Lens objectives on the way to being effectuated in the first exchange? Yes, I feel that Lens objectives were moving towards being effectuated because he was palmy in diverting the conversation. He was able to divert Marilyns aims by accusing her of becoming upset in their conversation.He further gives his views authority by telling her that he has the approval of the stamp, who supports his decision. What do you project the outcome of the first exchange to be? The projected outcome for the first exchange is that Len intimidates Marilyn to the point that she loses th e focussing on her objective, and no resolution is made. This was an example of distributive negotiation, since both parties are facing off with the goal of getting as much as possible. It is pop off that Len had almost the complete advantage since the negotiation was in Lens favor.His argument approach made it difficult for Marilyn to defend her position. Were Marilyns objectives on the way to being effectuated in the second exchange? Yes, I believe that Marilyn was able to stand her ground and argue her points in the second exchange. Furthermore, she was able to effectively divert Lens responses which helped to follow up her objectives. In this exchange, she seems more confident and comfortable in responding to Lens comments, especially about her team being unskilled. She shot back by reminding Len that they were his former members, which he had trained.Marilyn also corrected him when he said that the boss had already accepted his decision, by stating that she had already recei ved his approval. The second exchange shows that Marilyn was much more on the watch to handle Lens arguments, and had a lot more control over the negotiation. Were Lens objectives on the way to being effectuated in the second exchange? Absolutely not, because in the second exchange Len was still adamant and shifty about his obligation to turn over the viable accounts Marilyn was expecting.The manner in which Marilyn addressed his points presented a take exception to him, which made it harder for him to effectuate. What do you project the outcome of the second exchange to be? I believe that this exchange was in Marilyns favor, and she would be able to break through those accounts. As the negotiation progressed, Len would discover that his objections to Marilyns claims would be defeated, which would force him to turn over the accounts he promised. Identify two points of transition in each exchange and analyze the impact of the transition on the negotiation.In the first exchange, Ma rilyn asks Len about the viable accounts, which instantly makes him defensive, especially because of the pressure hes faced with from his team, since theyre income depends on it. His defensive response is to question Marilyns teams competency. Marilyn asks the same question again when they meet for the second exchange, in which Len responds in the same manner. At this point, Marilyn informs Len that her team was previously trained and supervised by him, which then directs the level of competency back to him.Another transition point occurs when Marilyn identifies the reason as to why Len hasnt turned over the accounts. She states that its because of his team losing income. Len does not effectively respond and chooses instead to claim the boss had already accepted it. Unbeknownst to him, Marilyn had already talked to the boss and received different information, to which Len could not counter. Len was caught in his own dishonesty and false threats.

European EN and International ISO standards Essay

The abbreviations EN refers to European Norm while ISO refer to International Standards Organization. Endoscopy literally representation looking inside and it is usually refers to look inside the body usually in relation to medical reasons using an instrument called an endoscope. It is used to examine the internal parts of a hollow organ or cavity of the body, and they are inserted directly into the organ.The endoscopes, especially flexible endoscopes are usually complex but tin can be reused but require very unique conditions for reuse in respect to their decontamination. It is not only their outer surfaces that are exposed, but too their manner channels, water channels and even their accessories that enable them to function in the right manner. Their exposure to body fluids and other contaminants means that their reuse has to be very conservatively looked into so as to avoid spread of diseases. It is withal important to realize that most endoscopes are heat labile and cannot be autoclaved meaning they change downstairs different heat conditions.European (EN) and International (ISO) metres that would be applicable to an endoscope decontamination unit (EDU) in the UKAs abstracted from EN ISO 15883, information from the manufacturers should be given prior to purchasing the endoscope. This implies that the manufacturer provides information such the best disinfectants to use with that particular endoscope and what is expected when cleaning, for example the bacteria expected to be found there and also if the disinfectant in question is compatible with the automatic reprocessor in which it is being used. (Gurusamy Manivannan, 2008)As per BS EN ISO 15883-1, a temperature recorder having no fewer than disco biscuit sensors should be used, and the specifications are well indicated in the ISO standard. This is because the endoscopes are heat labile, and temperature may affect the chemical compositions of the accessories or other chemicals involved.The manufac turer should also establish the shell conditions under of the devices configuration. Such conditions encompass temperature, detergent concentration and surrogate device configuration. This also includes water flow pressure for use during testing. This may also be categorized in a similar manner as biocompatibility testing where limits such as residual limits are stipulated as per ISO 10993. (Denise Sheard, 20120The calibrations should be checked in accordance with ISO 10012-1 for uniformity purposes. These are usually dictated by manufacturers using a validated method of applying a sensible reference. Each instrument should also be labeled with a unique reference number. This is important when measuring passage of fluids or drugs so as to get accurate and true results.The standard prEN ISO 15883-1-2004 has a clause that indicates that the manufacture shall all addition information associated with the use and decontamination of the particular endoscope. Information such as maximum f low and pressure of fluids indoors each channel in the device and the maximum possible permissible restriction of flow within each channel is deemed important and must be provided. (James Walker, 2014)There is also a standard similar to both that the manufacturers may be requested to give information concerning the device at any stage, and act as consultants. This is stipulated in prEN ISO 15883-1-2004. This is important when complications arise that personnel involved were not expectingReferencesGurusamy Manivannan, Disinfection and decontamination principles, applications and related issues. Boca Raton CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2008Denise Sheard , A practical guide to decontamination in healthcare . Hoboken conjuration Wiley & Sons, 2012.James Walker, Decontamination in hospitals and healthcare. Oxford Woodhead Publishing, 2014Source document

Classical Civilizations of Ancient Greece, Rome, and China

Throughout history, there have been many subtletys, empires, colonies, and tribes that have impacted the world. The civilizations of Greece, Rome, and China have done this, tho what sets them apart from the others is their pertinacious significance and lasting impact they had on the world. For this reason, they are considered classical civilizations. To describe how Greece, Rome, and Han China are classical, there are leash systems that are used these are Economic, Social, and Political. Out of these three classical civilizations, Greece came first in history.An important invention of Greece was its plumbing systems. Greece was the first to create plumbing and now it is almost unheard of for a house anyplace on earth to not have a plumbing system. This innovation reflects chthonic the economic category. The most important social feature from superannuated Greeks would be philosophy. After the Peloponnesian Wars, many commonwealth began questioning themselves and their beliefs . During this time, many philosophers were living in Greece. One of the most important was Socrates. He encouraged people to examine their beliefs.When he was 70, he was taken to trial for corrupting the youth of Athens and neglecting the citys gods. He was put to death by poison. round historians say that the fall of Athens started with his death. Plato, one of Socrates students, wrote a book about Platos vision of a perfectly governed society. Platos writings dominated philosophical thought in Europe for almost 1,500 years. Then there was Aristotle, a student of Platos. Aristotle invented a method of logic which is the foundation for the scientific method of today.Even Greeces philosophy was very influential on future civilizations, democracy is considered Greeces most important contribution to modern society. Democracy, under the political system, is a politics controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives. Greece was the first to have this type of gov ernment. America, along with many other countries, borrowed this idea from Greece when creating their governments. Next on the timeline is Rome. antique Rome, like America, borrowed many ideas from the Greeks to create and advance structural ideas.In this way, they adapted their plumbing systems, but improved it by inventing public latrines. We might think of this as an advancement, but Rome had areas where pots were placed in a circle to go to the bathroom, and the waste would drop down into a river or stream (the plumbing system). This was a enormous improvement in their sanitary conditions. The popishs acquired other ideas from places other than Greece. In the political division, there was the Roman law where its standards were extremely influenced by the teachings of Stoic philosophers.The principles were based on common sense and practical ideas. Much of modern laws, including the legal systems of many European countries along with the United States, have been influenced by the long lasting Roman law. Again with importance, Romes agriculture and trade played a big role in Roman life. Agriculture was the most important sedulousness in the empire and everything else depended on it. Most Romans relied on the food grown in their local area and all other food and luxuries were precisely for the fecund and they got them through trade.Rome, being along the Mediterranean Sea, had a enormous trading system and also had roadstead connecting it to far off places such as Persia and gray Russia. And connecting this huge empire was its sole language, the Latin language. Latin, in the social system, had a major influence on some major languages of the world, including French, Italian, Spanish, and English. Along with Romes unified currency know as the Denarius, the Latin language helped unify the civilization by linking diverse people and far away areas.Ancient Chinas occurrence overlapped Romes, but started afterward, so last would fall China. In comparison with Rome, China had a large trading network. They both built roads to build their networks too. Chinas commerce was very important to the Han Empire. When the Empire realized valuable their silk was as an item of trade, they kept their production technique a secret. The demand for silk from China increased. This increase of demand expanded Chinese commerce reaching all the way through Asia and India, all the way to Rome.As trade would fall in the Economic category, Chinas bureaucracy and civil service would fall in the Social category. A bureaucracy is a system of departments and agencies that organise o carry out the work of government and a civil service is when people are paid to work within a civilization/countrys government. The bureaucracy of China included eighteen different ranks of civil service jobs that civilians could obtain by taking examinations. But if someone cute to take one of these tests, they would have much more of a chance if they went to the school that Wudi se t up.In this school, people studied Confuciuss works. These schools were expensive so only sons of wealthy land owners ever had a chance at a government career. Evidently, you did not have to believe in the Confucianism religion, but those who did were rewarded. Confucianism falls under the social division. These three civilizations were considered classical civilizations because of the impact that Greece, Rome and China had on the modern worlds economic, social and political systems.

Economics Problem Essay

1)FalseWhen the need curve modifys left field, it means there is less demand for diamonds. However, when consumer income increases, their purchasing power increases (assuming the relative price of diamonds stay constant). That being said, consumers argon more(prenominal) likely to purchase more diamonds, especially because it is a luxury hefty, cause the curve of diamonds to cracking cover, increase the demand.2)FalseAs the population increases, the demand of beef increases as well, causing the demand curve to shift right. In order to accommodate for the change magnitude demand in beef, the price needs to be increased as well in order to reach the appropriate market price for the current supply. Correspondingly, at the new demand curve, consumers are pass oning to steal more for each price per unit. Thus, this statement is non an example of the Giffen good and does not illustrate an upward sloping demand, instead, the demand curve simply shifted right to account for the increase beef demand.3)UncertainAlthough cipher from nuclear power and oil are considered substitutes, it is unclear whether or not the techniques for producing energy from nuclear power is cheaper or similar in price when compared to energy produced from oil. IF, energy produced from nuclear power is cheaper or similar in price, the demand for oil as an energy reference work will be more elastic.4)FalseThe demand curve is the relationship between price and quantity demanded, it measures how some(prenominal) consumers are willing to buy for each price per unit. Change in price of good unsocial does not affect the demand curve, but it does affect the quantity demanded. In other words, if the price of good changes, we would be moving along the demand curve, not affecting the demand curve to shift left or right. Factors that would affect the demand curve include price of related goods, income, tastes, etc)5)TrueAssuming the statement focuses on the domestic tomatoes, this is true b ecause the change in price of the domestic tomatoes affects only the quantity demanded of the domestic tomatoes, not the demand curve. The decrease in price will move us down the demand curve, increasing the amount consumers are willing to buy per price per unit. 6)FalseIf the price of something goes up, it is not inevitably irrational to buy more of it. It really depends on the good that the consumer is buying. For example, because rice is a staple in China, people will continue to buy it despite the price increase. To them, there is no substitute to rice, thus the income effect dominates, causing them to continue buying rice at a higher price.7)FalseThe price whitethorn or may not rise when supply and demand increase, it all depends on whether or not the supply and demand increase together proportionately. If supply and demand increase at the same rate, the quantity will increase but the price will stay constant. If supply increases more than demand, the price will decrease. If d emand increases more than supply, the price will increase.8)FalseIn this case, I saw gas as a necessity it is relatively inelastic because anyone who owns and uses a car will need to buy gas regardless of the price. The quantity demanded moves along the demand curve as the price of gas increases or decreases, and this is true for both professors and grad school-age childs. make up without a ceiling, students will continue to purchase gas. Moreover, the incomes of a professor and grad student are not clearly stated. Some grad students may have more income than a professor, giving the grad student just as much, if not more, purchasing power, thus a price ceiling does not necessarily hurt the professor more than the student.

The Movie Patriot A Piece Of History Film Studies Essay

The first thing I would state ab reveal the dissipate is that about every champion watches the read. Peoples watch completely types of film including action films, pipit films, comedy films, and some(prenominal) other classs, but when it comes to the explanation films, people do non believe if the narrative of the history film is a in truth based on our animate history or it is merely make full with clump of fiction. Peoples normally guestimate that every history film is a portion of a tangible history but the world is that about every individual history film contains at least(prenominal) small spot of fiction in it to do it great narrative and to maintain the audience s att closing curtaining. Traveling on to the chief point, to turn out it incorrect that non every history film is genuinely a portion of the existent history, I watched the film called the Patriot and in this paper I forget compare the narrative of the Patriot with existent history to calculate out if the film contains a full-strength narrative of history or is merely a filled with fiction.Let me get down my vainglorious brief sum-up of the film Patriot. This film is about Benjamin Martin who was male parent of seven kids and he declines an extend to contend for the Continental prove forces. However, as shortly the troth land reaches his front pace and therefore plenty his 15 old ages old boy named Thomas is killed by Colonel Tavington who was the chief opposition. In consequent of this, Benjamin joins the ground forces and creates his private ground forces of shred ticket husbandmans and farmworkers. His ground forces s chief end was to maintain worldwide Cornwallis in the province of South Carolina by strategically cutting down his render and ground forces. Their advancement were effectual nevertheless, subsequently in the narrative Martin s another(prenominal) boy named Gabriel became dupe to the same colonel that killed his oldest boy Thomas. This causes a last conflict in the film between Martin and Tavington. And at the goal of this conflict, Martin kills Tavington which besides helps led the Continental ground forces to triumph. ( prezi.com )In the film, during the scene of the last conflict it shows that soldiers were keeping up the several(prenominal) Ameri butt joint flags but in world, the huge bulk of the flags utilize by the Continental ground forces represented where their reserves is from. Another scene in which Benjamin is giving a shop clerk a money in which you can see that he is giving five dollar get down with Abraham Lincoln on it and this can non be true because this film took topographic point more than lxxx old ages before he was elected as a president. to a fault that during the clip of American rotary motion work forces normally saluted by taking their chapeau off and take downing their chapeau to the side, so they would set it back on. While in the film, Gabriel merely salutes by seting his manus on his chapeau. In th e film all the Continental soldiers seem to tolerate same outfits and the British are firing down a church which is full of people. While in the world everyone in the Continental ground forces had really diametric vesture and there has neer been found a historical record which showed that British burn down the church. ( prezi.com )In the film there are many factual mistakes. For illustration, in the beginning of the narrative, during the town hall meet Burwell was stating that we killed 700 of enemy at the Bunker Hill and they were merely kept coming, but in world they killed 226 of them. Besides harmonizing to the book Down and Out in Early America, it was highly impossible in the 1776 that a southern plantation proprietor could easy run a successful plantation which run by save work forces who worked by rewards. It would be about impossible to compare this plantation proprietor which person who used slaved as the work force. Besides that Benjamin Martin seems to be a rules a dult male in the film but in world he killed Indians merely for merriment and was known for knaping his slaves. Therefore, I would state that all of these things did non look or they changed it merely to do Benjamin Martin honorable character in the film value less of world. In one scene Benjamin Martin shoots a British troop who was on the traveling Equus caballus utilizing a firelock gun at the scope of about 100 paces. It clearly seems faux because slug from pulverization gun would non go this much of distance besides that going of this much distance and hitting traveling mark would be really hard with modern guns. ( sbroome )In the film, Lord Cornwallis is pictured as really old adult male, which is wrong because during the clip frame of this film in 1780, General Charles Lord Cornwallis was in his mid-fortiess. To be more descriptive, based on my research I found that Cornwallis was born(p) in London on December 31, 1738 and harmonizing to that twelvemonth he would be six old ages jr. than George Washington. Traveling to the following point, in the scene where auntie Charlotte takes in the kids after their house stop place was burned and destroy, her hair was down. My point is that during the clip frame of the film, adult females merely wore hair down merely during nausea or bedtime. Women ever pinned up their hair during the twenty-four hours and eventide, while they were out in the universe therefore, I would state that they this is clear fiction. ( About.com )In the conflict scene where Benjamin is watching through the farmhouse window and we can see that lobsterbacks bayonet charge the Rebels. The soldiers ran across several hundred paces of unfastened land while Redcoat ground forces was good trained ground forces. During that clip military personnels were really of import therefore it was non good thought that parts of the military personnels would merely running about across the battleground. In world, they would hold charged Bayonets and travel towards the enemy. When they are about 50 paces away they would hold marched rapidly and decelerate sufficiency to perplex a line. This would treat would do possible to hold control over way in the authority where needed to alter or to call off the order. And when the military personnels reach really near so military personnels could prosecute the enemy. ( sbroome )In another scene in which Gabriel returns to the Martin plantation with blade lesion from Battle of the Waxhaws, he said that Gates ordered them to process heterosexual at the lobsterbacks. In world, Gates was non present nor the despotic officer at the conflict of Waxhaws. Furthermore, they were processing off when the British attacked. ( sbroome )In this film, I would state that they tried to flim-flam us, when the British housebreaking to the Charlotte s plantation, Tavington was seeking for the kid that was concealing under the tabular array and when Tavington looks below the tabular array to look into if anyone is concealing under or non and at the same clip, Nathan moved out from the underneath the tabular array on the remunerate side and Tavington did non see him. The tablecloth on the table bents several inches from the floor so when Tavington tried to look child under the tabular array he should hold seen the Nathan from the spread that was between the tabular array fabric and floor but he did non saw the kid. base on this point, it is clear that in this film they tried to flim-flam audience. ( sbroome )The concluding conflict in the film is the conflict of Cowpens and it seems really large conflict while in world, merely 12 American died and was mostly cavalry matter and it was all over in less than an hr. During this conflict there was scene in which cannon ball comes from enemy side and it rolls on the land and cuts the leg off of a haoma of soldiers in its way, in which we can clearly see that one of the soldier s leg move apart good before the ball even touch his leg. Besides in this conflict Tavington and Martin seems contending where Martin frontmost attack Tavington with a indicating tool on the terminal of the musket. And he besides attacks into Tavington s pharynx right after first onslaught and we can see that Tavington was falling on the land but in the following onslaught we can see him still standing. The last scene was really confounding so it was difficult to do sense. ( sbroome )During the American Revolution British were the Masterss of the sea. merely in the film they had played with life corresponding Torahs. During the scene of party where we can see that British channelize was blown up in the seaport. But the Torahs of natural philosophies describe that behind each action there is an equal and the opposite reaction. When the ship was targeted and destroyed we see the large detonation with fire distributing all over the ship. However, although there was detonation on the ship, ship remains in its original place in the H2O the refore, it did non moved side to side or drop in the H2O it is impossible because based on natural philosophies jurisprudence ship should hold been moved or sunk in the H2O. As we can find that some of the scenes were non accurate hence, there is no drouth that narrative of this film would include fiction. ( Marts.com )I besides figured geographical mistake in the film, in the scene in which Benjamin and his two of the younger boies were running and go throughing through the forests to adjourn the British who captured their older brother. They seem leaping and concealing around the stones to acquire in place. While in South Carolina it was neer glaciated in the portion of the country where this narrative took topographic point. In another scene where Tavington is looking for Martin s kids at the Charlotte s plantation, Susan seem to look out the window cover with Venetian blind. The Venetian blinds was non invented until the 1800s or approximately 100 twelvemonth after the timefram e of the film. To be more descriptive, the enter innovation of blinds is holds by adult male from Chile named Hernando de Venuto and it was invented on May 20, 1857. ( sbroome )About every knows that slaves did non like white people during the clip of revolution or any clip during the bondage hence, in the one scene after their place was destroyed, Benjamin Martin direct his household and his friend s household to a slave settlement and they were welcomed at that place and had small jubilation at that place in the essence of arriving of Benjamin Martin s household. My point is that they should non hold been welcomed to their settlement because during that clip there were really few slaves settlements existed and ointments did non like the white people. ( chccs.k12.nc.us )In decision, I would state that even though the film Patriot include many fictional narrative in it but the manager of this film did many of the turn in the existent history to do it look more interesting to audi ences and do narrative retrieve. This film besides gives audiences at least small spot of experiencing about American Revolution war. Although I found many mistakes in the film it contains really of import portion of our history and by watching this film, people can discover more about our history and seek to retrieve it as our yesteryear.

How Huckelberry Finn Defines His Moral Character

Defining a Moral Character The voyage through life is broad, but early on, people learn values and clean-livings. Often times, these characteristics are influenced by daily experience and contact with others. Although developing morals and values may be difficult at times, adequate time and experience brings gratification. As it was for Huck Finn, the adventure through independence and experience brought knowledge of values including, responsibility, accountability, compassion, and gratefulness which ultimately helped Huck define his moral character.In most situations, Huck was able to buzz off decisions based on his perception of right and wrong, and learns life lessons in doing so. No matter what trial or tribulation he encountered, Huck was grateful he was not subject to Papps abuse. When he was caught difficult to be a girl by Judith Loftus, he learned compassion when she still accepted him in her home.Huck didnt want to feel accountable for the death of the murders on the aban through with(p)d ship, so he did what he felt was necessary, and took on the responsibility of trying to see they were rescued. Stating, wishing I knowed who shot the man and what they done it for, Huck sought and found meaning in most circumstances and understands every choice has its consequent (133). Whether or not to turn Jim in was something Huck toggled with constantly throughout his adventure.He knew that Jim belonged to the widow Douglas who had done so much for him, but Huck still felt compassion for Jim, who he had developed a full-bodied friendship with on account of their experiences together. Because of his bond with Jim, Huck did not want to feel guilty if something uncollectible were to happen to his friend, but at the same time, he did not want to be held accountable for parcel a runaway slave.Altogether, the lessons Huck learned on his adventure were a contributor to the definition of his moral character. In the end, Huck acted on what he felt was right acc ording to his set of developed morals and values, regardless of whether it was accepted by society or not. He later affirms his decision by stating every last(predicate) right then, Ill go to hell as he ripped up the letter to Ms. Watson (239). Hucks influence and experience led him to be a loyal friend, and a virtuous individual.

Culturally Competent Nursing Care Essay

Culturally Competent Nursing C atomic number 18The United States is a diverse accumulation of pagan backgrounds which can often set the stage for feelings of confusion, anger, mistrust, and a host of another(prenominal)wise emotions when dissimilar nuances disagree. Cultural competence in nursing can help eliminate these obstacles and provide a platform for nursing to follow in the quest to understand a perseverings culture and background. When a nurse books the time to learn near a wedded culture prior to providing shell out, it conveys she see the diligents right to their beliefs, customs, and culture. It does non necessarily mean the nurse agrees with their practices but it does show that she is unstrained to be open minded and deferential. It is the responsibility of the wellness economic aid provider to take the time to crop themselves on the various cultures they whitethorn be overt to in their work (Purnell & Paulanka, 2003). Evidence of Culturally butterfing ered CareOne act from the case study that exhibited cultural incompetence was the racial slur do by Connie when she referred to her clients as This Mexican family. If she would mother taken the time to review the babys chart, she would deliver kn hold that the family identified with the term Hispanic, non Mexican. Connie made a statement about the number of family members in the room and she gave the impression that the family was invading her work space unnecessarily. Connie identified that the family was disquisition Spanish then express she could not get them to understand her. Her t whiz indicated that the family was at fault for the lack of dialogue horizontal though Connie did not bother to engage an illustration.Connie even went so far as to label the familys inability to understand her as noncompliance. She overly proceeded to go about her task of getting in and intravenous (IV) fold without establishing autonomy and getting in create consent from the mother. C onnies action of cutting the ragged, old red get off the babys wrist without asking for permission first is proof of her cultural insensitivity. umpteen cultures tie strings around various parts of the body to ward off evil, aidin healing, or as a symbol of faith. Connie knew she did something wrong be fix she admitted that the mother screamed at her when she cut the string. However, she did not take the time to understand why the mother was upset. She appeared to be much concerned with getting her nursing tasks do right away and with passing for the day. Importance of Values, Beliefs, and trustsThe crisphead lettuce model splits the nursing skill set into devil parts technical and behavioral. The tip of the iceberg represents what can be easily seen or the technical skills and cognition a person has that allows them to perform their job. Examples of technical skills demonstrated by Connie were obtaining IV access and identifying the signs and symptoms of dehydration. Thes e particular skills are considered unmistakable to others so they correlate with the upper portion of the iceberg in the model. The lower part of the iceberg is under water or invisible and is indicative of the behavioral aspects of self that demonstrate who we are as a person. Understanding ones own values, beliefs and practices helps when trying to understand those resembling characteristics in a different culture. Nurses need to understand how they view themselves and others in advance they can achieve cultural competence (Buffalo, 2001).The behavioral or lower portion of the iceberg is represented by social role, self-image, traits, and motives. The social role identifies with ones image. It refers to how people want others to see them and how others actually do see them. The social role is fundamental because it can establish how health attention lords image what skill sets are distinguished in their job. egotism image is how people see themselves and once they underst and themselves they can decide whether or not modification is needed for personal growth. Another area on the hidden portion of the iceberg is traits or those characteristics and habits that determine how a person responds in a given situation. The last area of the iceberg is motives. Motives are formed early in life and are the driving forces behind personal actions. The status of the areas depicted in the lower part of the iceberg model to a fault determine what characteristics are present on the visible portion of the model (Buffalo, 2001). Barriers to HealthcareCommunication is going to stick around to be a huge barrier to healthcare forthis family. They live in Texas which is very rich in Spanish culture and the Spanish linguistic process is common. Health care workers are often bilingual so this family should not have any incommode being understood when they go in for care in their home state. The general population of Texas has been exposed to the Hispanic culture and can relate to the beliefs and practices that are followed. However, this family migrates to Northern Minnesota, an area that is mostly comprised of white, non-Hispanic, English speaking people of European descent. From a transcultural nursing standpoint, nurses from the Northern areas of Minnesota may not even know they are lacking because the degree of interaction with the Hispanic population in the healthcare backdrop is minimal.There depart be lecture barriers, especially in the smaller, rural farming areas where the migrants tend to work. numerous small rural hospitals do not have access to interpreters and it is common to have little to no cultural education provided to the employees. Unless there is a cultural change in this area of the country, communication pass on continue to be a problem. The disparity is one of population and geographic location relative to the Hispanic culture in Northern Minnesota (U.S., 2010). Cultural Sensitivity InformationAdditional information t hat could have been added to the kardex was the preferred method of communication so the nurse would know right away if an interpreter would be needed. Family demographics could have been seat on there so the nurse had information regarding the cultural background. Notes could have been put on the kardex that identified the family dynamics so other nurses would understand why so many family members were present. The phantasmal preferences would also be significant because that would give the nurse insight to the possible importance of certain charms, icons, or beliefs. Another item that could have been on the kardex was the history of the patient from the perspective of the clinic nurse. She may have passed on more information to Connie but as flustered as Connie was, that information was more than likely lessen or forgotten because it was not written down. Connie only gave the bare facts during report, then hurried out of the workplace, leaving Gina with more questions than ans wers. Provisions of Culturally Competent CareGina recognized that she was lacking in cultural acquaintance about this family and took the time to look up some information prior to interacting with them. She was respectful of the role of the elders and intercommunicate each person accordingly, gaining some measure of respect in doing so. This helped her establish a mutually straight relationship with the family which in turn helped build trust. She also intervened and got an interpreter rather than allowing one of the younger teenagers to interpret. Gina also took the time to find out what interventions the family had provided and did not belittle them for their actions. Gina went from conscious incompetence to conscious competence and will more than likely advance into unconscious competence with time (Purnell & Paulanka, 2003). Transcultural Competency ModelThe Camphina-Bacote competence model identifies cultural competence as a process that a healthcare worker goes with to ena ble themselves to work in a vogue that falls within the cultural context of a client. The model has five constructs Awareness, skill, noesis, encounters, and desire. The first construct of the model, awareness, asks healthcare workers to question their own cultural consciousness by identifying biases and prejudices they may have toward other cultures. It is an attempt to help one understand just how sensitive they may or may not be toward other cultures. The second construct focuses on whether or not the healthcare worker has the necessary skills to conduct a cultural assessment in a manner that will insure insightfulness. This is important for insuring that the assessment is properly done and that it contains information necessary to others who may commit on it. Having the skills alone is not enough the person conducting the assessment also needs to have knowledge of the culture.The assessor needs to research the culture to understand the worldview. There are many blanket questi onnaires in stock(predicate) to use for the assessment if one does not care about personalization. However, understanding the culture is important before the interview begins if the person conducting the interview wants to develop questions that are more in-depth and of a personal nature. The Camphina-Bacote model also recommends that the person conducting the cultural assessment determine what type of encounter they wish to use for the interaction.Some examples of encounters take face-to-face meetings, attending group cultural activities, phone interviewing, or any other typeof communication method. Some people may be more comfortable filling out a questionnaire, others may want to meet in a relaxed, public environment and still others might want the professional atmosphere of an office setting. Whatever type of encounter is chosen, it is important that the comfort of the person being interviewed is taken into consideration and a mutual setting is agreed upon. The last construct of the model is desire. If there is no desire on behalf of the professional to learn about cultural differences then the process of attempting to become culturally competent will fail. At the very best, the information gained will be inadequate and could cause more misunderstand and mistrust (Ingram, 2012). Ladder of Cultural CompetencyBased on the case study Gina was not being racists and was not blind to the patient and familys needs or their culture. Purnell and Paulanka (2003) describe racism as a display of power in combination with prejudice Gina did not exhibit either of these characteristics. She had a modest awareness and knowledge of the Hispanic culture and was sensitive to the familys needs. Gina does not have the language proficiency yet so she would not be at the fifth step. Gina is on step quartette Competence. She demonstrated her ability to provide culturally competent care for this family. Even though she did not already have all of the necessary information to car e for this peasant, she knew where to go look for it and how to interpret it. She demonstrated that she determine the familys cultural differences by taking the time to treat them with respect according to their beliefs. Utilization of an articulationGina knew that the patient and the family had a right to have an interpreter provided. She also knew that it would be disrespectful to allow a younger person to translate for an older person. In addition, the younger teenager who offered to translate stated she rung very close English but indicated that she only attended summer school while in Minnesota. What the teenager considered good English more than likely would not have been adequate to translate medical checkup terminology. Gina made a very good decision when she brought in an interpreter. She also obtained a resource for herself because the interpreter could have had additional knowledge about the culture. TheStandards of Practice for Culturally Competent Nursing Care sta tes that it is searing that the healthcare system provides resources for interpretation when appropriate (Douglas et al, 2009, p. 265). History of Present IllnessGina could have asked the mother or family what they felt the cause of the illness was. This would have given her insight as to whether the family believed the cause was physical or sacred. If it was believed to be spiritual in nature, the family may have wanted to call in a Hispanic healer to perform a communion for the child. She asked how many days the child had diarrhea and could have asked whether the childs diet had changed before her diarrhea started. She also could have asked if any other family members had see the same symptoms. Coming to Minnesota may have precipitated a change in diet for the entire family with the adventure of contaminated food. Gina could have addressed the pathophysiology of the illness by asking whether or not the child had experienced any functional changes.The family did indicate the t hey brought the child to the clinic after she became listless. Getting a background on other functional changes may provide clues to other factors that might be making the illness worse. For example, was the child travel down, crying a lot before she became listless, et cetera. Another area to look at would be the furrow of the illness. Gina could have the mother describe how the illness started and give a timeline of signs, symptoms, and interventions up to the present time. This could include the preachings the family provided on with what the expected outcomes were.Gina could ask the family whether or not they felt any of the interventions were successful, even if it was only mild success. It would also give Gina information about the remedies employ so she could research and pass the information on to the health care provider. Two of the treatments supplied by the family were actually not conducive to good health. The manzanilla tea can cause diarrhea and the family was giv ing it to the child as a treatment for diarrhea. According to the CDC, greta is an orange powder used as a Hispanic remedy for stomach ailments. The powder contains concentrations of lead as luxuriously as 90% and contributes to lead poisoning (CDC, 2009). Getting the familys perception on the illness is very important to increasing ones awareness of how the family views the illness. Cultural Diversity Care PlansCultural PreservationPractice Nursing Diagnosis Goal InterventionsGina provided care congruent with the culture via an interpreter. The family was unable to understand the plan of care for the child. Knowledge deficit related to language barriers. Patient will verbalize an understanding of the childs condition and the need for the current treatment plan via an interpreter. 1) Using an interpreter, explain the illness, causes, and treatment plan to the patients family.2) Have the primary care-giver demonstrate understanding by repeating back the plan of care and the potentia l benefits. 3) Allow for questions and answers.Cultural AccommodationPractice Nursing Diagnosis Goal InterventionsGina attempted to put the family at ease by using an interpreter to find out what the family understands about the childs illness and the interventions that were tried in the home environment. She discovered that the red string was on the child for good luck and to keep her safe from spirits. Anxiety related to cultural lack of understanding of the illness and the treatment plan practices. Collaborate with the family to identify treatments that are culturally acceptable and that can be used in conjunction with western medicine to address the childs medical needs. 1) Allow a spiritual advisor to place new red strings on the child and support a ceremony if need be.2) Explain the need for an IV and make sure it does not violate the familys beliefs.3) valuate family for their efforts thus far.Cultural RestructuringPractice Nursing Diagnosis Goal InterventionsGina found out the baby had been given manzanilla tea and greta. Neither of these remedies is a good choice. The manzanilla tea is used for constipation and the baby had diarrhea. According to the CDC, greta is high in lead content and causes lead poisoning. Ineffective health maintenance related to lack of understanding. make patients family on the illness and potential harm of some folk remedies and identify denigrating remedies that the family needs to change. 1) Provide family with culturally appropriateeducational material in whatever configuration they require.2) organize with the family to develop a plan of action and identify alternatives to the harmful remedies.ReflectionProviding culturally competent care can be challenging at times and it requires nurses to be aware of their own limitations, strengths and beliefs. It was evident in the case study that Connie was not prepared to take on the task of developing her own cultural competence. Gina, however, showed good leadership ability a nd a willingness to learn about a culture different than her own in order to provide the best nursing care she could. Gina is the type of nurse that will continue to grow in her position and garner respect from her patients and co-workers. Her actions showed she was capable of doing what was in the best interest of the patient and family. Cultural competence does not just happen nurses have to make it happen.ReferencesBuffalo State, (2001). Technical and behavioral success factors. Retrieved June 23, 2013, from The State University of New York http//www.buffalostate.edu/offices/hr/pepds/sf/tb.asp. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2009). Folk medicine. Retrieved July 17, 2013, from the National Center for environmental Health http//www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/tips/folkmedicine.htm. Douglas, M., Pierce, J., Rosenkoetter, M., Callister, L., Hattar-Pollara, M., Lauderdale, J., & Pacquiao, D. (2009). Standards of practice for culturally competent nursing care a request for comment s. journal Of Transcultural Nursing, 20(3), 257-269. Ingram, R. (2012). Using Campinha-Bacotes process of cultural competence model to examine the relationship amongst health literacy and cultural competence. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 68(3), 695-704. doi10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05822.x Purnell, L., & Paulanka, B. (2003). Transcultural health care A culturally competent approach. Philadelphia, PA F. A. Davis Company. Sitzman, K., & Eichelberger, L. (2004). Understanding the work of nurse theorists A creative beginning. Sudbury, MA Jones and Bartlett Publishers. U.S. plane section of Health and Human Services, (2010). Disparities. In Healthy People 2020. Retrieved June26, 2013, from U.S. Department of Health and Human Serviceshttp//www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/DisparitiesAbout.aspx. Walsh, S. (2004). Formulation of a plan of care for culturally diverse patients. International Journal Of Nursing Terminologies & Classifications, 15(1), 17-26.

Jcg Global Air Services

UV1317 Rev. Jan. 6, 2009 JCG global strip SERVICES Sam Bursk set about the task of preparing a render end for his future four-leg shoot to capital of Massachusetts, the New York City area, Dallas, and back. Like the other 13 incorporated pilots he worked with, Bursk enjoyed go awaying a lot more than doing paperwork. But unlike almost of his colleagues, Bursk sooner enjoyed the challenge of constructing a supply externalize. JCG orbicular Air Services JCG Global Air Services (AS) operated four air forge to serve the transportation needs of the corporate headquarters of the JCG Company.Located on a 1,415-acre campus in Moline, Illinois, the headquarters housed the executive and administrative staff of JCGs divisions on with a wide array of company-wide functions. Close to 2,400 JCG employees worked at headquarters. Company executives routinely used AS to vaporise to company factories, marketing facilities, and customer locations throughout the initiation. The companys l argest and close expensive aircraft, the Gulfstream GV, had a arena of 6,000 nautical miles. Purchased in 2001, it was flown throughout the world including the growth areas of India and China.It could carry up to 13 passengers, a escape cock attendant, and devil or three pilots. It burned open fire at a rate of approximately 450 gallons per hour. The firm owned and operated two Cessna Citation X aircraft (CE750), which it had purchased in 2002 and 2004. The CE750 (Figure 1) was the fastest nonmilitary plane in the world and often went from Moline to as far as South America, Europe, and Western Russiaa larger range than most small jets. Its fuel burn rate of 310 gallons per hour coupled with its 13,000-pound-capacity armored combat vehicle meant that Figure 1.Cessna Citation X aircraft. Bryan Correira (used with permission) http//www. flickr. com/photos/bcorreira/2540324650/ This case was written by Richard S. Reynolds Professor Phillip E. Pfeifer as a basis for class discuss ion rather than to illustrate effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Names have been disguised. Copyright ? 2008 by the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation, Charlottesville, VA. All rights reserved. To order copies, send an e-mail to emailprotected com.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any digit or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the permission of the Darden School. Rev. 1/09. Purchased by ersin koc (emailprotected com) on March 07, 2013 -2- UV1317 it required a fuel stop to reach these more distant name and addresss. It carried up to eighter passengers and two pilots. The companys newest aircraft was a 2006 Cessna Citation Sovereign (CE680).Used only within North America, this craft carried up to eight passengers and burned fuel at approximately 270 gallons per hour. Each of the four aircraft was budgeted for 650 shoot of steps hours per year, and AS had an annual budget of $22 millionless than 0. 1% of company sales. The plane section consisted of 14 pilots (including the department manager and two pilot managers), six maintenance technicians, and four support staff members who were accountable for computer programming and office support.The Upcoming Flight In two days, the CEO and CFO of the JCG Corporation had a mooring scheduled from Moline, to Boston, the New York City area, Dallas, and then back to Moline. The purpose of the trip was to pick up some key analysts and mutual fund managers in Boston and New York and show them the new JCG factory in Dallas and the new JCG distribution center in Moline. They would be picking up two passengers in Boston and four in New York.As usual, AS would use the aerodrome in Teterboro, New Jersey, as their polish in the New York City area it was the closest airport to Wall Street, Manhattan, and the Lincoln Tunnel. Each U. S. airport carried a four-letter identifier beatning with the letter K. The upcoming four-leg flight would go from KMLI to KBOS to KTEB to KDAL and back to KMLI. Pilots at AS were responsible for creating and filing their own flight plans with the U. S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). One element of the flight plan was the takeoff and landing tip of the aircraft.To calculate these, one started with the basic operating lading (BOW) of the craft and added the weight of the passengers and fuel. The BOW included the structure of the aircraft, a stocked galley, emergency equipment, and the crew. The only weight components that varied from flight to flight were passengers and fuel. The only component that varied from takeoff to landing on a given flight was fuel. (For the purposes of this case study, we ignore the possibility of executive skydiving. )Tinkering with storeering This meant that one of Bursks first tasks was to determine a fuel plan for the upcoming flights. Coming up with a fuel pl an was not a cheery task for pilots because on that point was no straightforward way to calculate how much fuel to take on or transfer at the beginning of each leg. One question was whether or not to tanker. Tankering referred to a practice in which extra fuel was uploaded initially to avoid having to purchase higher-priced fuel at destination airports. AS operated its own fuel farm at Moline,Purchased by ersin koc (emailprotected com) on March 07, 2013 -3- UV1317 which kept its fuel costs low. Fuel at Moline at the time cost $3. 97 a gallon. In contrast, fuel purchased at KBOS cost $8. 35 a gallon. As a simple example of tankering, Bursk could decide to upload enough fuel at KMLI to carry him through both of the first two legs, thereby avoiding purchase fuel at KBOS. In essence, AS would carry or tanker from KMLI the fuel needed to fly from KBOS to KTEB. One factor that worked against tankering was ramp tippytoes.Ramp remunerations were fixed fees charged to each landing jet by the destination airports general-aviation terminal the fees covered the costs of operating the terminal. The ramp fee at KBOS was $800. The fee was waived with the purchase of 500 or more gallons of fuel. To begin the process of constructing a fuel plan, Bursk assembled the information in Exhibit 1. The fuel burn numbers were fairly easy to calculate based on flight miles and aircraft. (The burn numbers included the fuel used during taxiing at the departing airport. Although the advisement was more complicated than on the button multiplying miles by average gallons per mile (because extra fuel was used at takeoff), most pilots could do the calculation in their heads. Fuel prices, ramp fees, and minimum gallons needed to waive the ramp fees could all be constitute on the Internet. In addition to the cost of fuel and ramp fees, Bursk needed to consider the limitations of the CE750 (Exhibit 2). The fuel tank capacity was a firm physical limit, and the departure ramp and landing weight limits were structural limits authentic by the manufacturer and approved by the FAA during aircraft certification.To calculate departing ramp or arrival weight, Bursk added BOW to the weight of the fuel and the weight of the passengers (passenger weight calculations were based on a company-mandated figure of 200 pounds per person, including luggage). There were two final considerations. The company specified that aircraft always land with at least 2,400 pounds of fuel. Any fuel plan Bursk developed would have to be one in which the weight of fuel at arrival met or exceeded 2,400 pounds. This safety stock was there to ensure jets had enough fuel to make it to an alternate airport should there be bad weather at the destination airport.The second consideration was that the company dictated at one time bringing the fuel level up to 7,000 pounds upon arrival back at KMLI. The rationale for this was that the aircraft would always be ready to go at a moments notice. This meant tha t Bursks fuel plan should begin with the CE750 containing 7,000 pounds of fuel. (For flights using the larger Gulfstream GV aircraft, the policy was to always land with at least 4,500 pounds of fuel and bring its fuel level up to 8,700 pounds upon arrival at KMLI. As Bursk prepared to put pencil to paper to pee-pee a fuel plan for the upcoming KMLI to KBOS to KTEB to KDAL to KMLI trip, he paused to ponder why aircraft gauges measured fuel in pounds and yet fuel was sold in gallons. Like every other pilot at AS, he knew the importance of the number 6. 7the weight in pounds of a gallon of jet fuel. Purchased by ersin koc (emailprotected com) on March 07, 2013 -4Exhibit 1 JCG GLOBAL AIR SERVICES Flight Details UV1317 Leg 1 2 3 4 Depart KMLI KBOS KTEB KDAL Arrive KBOS KTEB KDAL KMLI Miles 890 176 1,202 628 Duration (hrsmins) 200 040 255 135Fuel burn including taxi (pounds) 4,800 2,000 5,300 3,100 Fuel price ($/gallon) $3. 97 $8. 35 $7. 47 $6. 01 Ramp fee $800 $450 $400 Minimum gallons to waive fee 500 300 350 Exhibit 2 JCG GLOBAL AIR SERVICES Aircraft Limitations (in pounds) Aircraft Maximum Ramp Weight Maximum Landing Weight BOW* Fuel Tank Capacity CE750 36,400 31,800 22,200 13,000 GV 90,900 75,300 48,800 41,300 *BOW = basic operating weight of the aircraft, including crew and excluding the weight of fuel and passengers. Purchased by ersin koc (emailprotected com) on March 07, 2013